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Development of a Battery of In Silico Prediction Tools for Drug-Induced Liver Injury from the Vantage Point of Translational Safety Assessment
Chemical Research in Toxicology ( IF 4.1 ) Pub Date : 2020-12-23 , DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.0c00423
James Rathman 1, 2 , Chihae Yang 1 , J Vinicius Ribeiro 1 , Aleksandra Mostrag 1 , Shraddha Thakkar 3 , Weida Tong 3 , Bryan Hobocienski 1 , Oliver Sacher 1 , Tomasz Magdziarz 1 , Bruno Bienfait 1
Affiliation  

Drug-induced liver injury (DILI) remains a challenge when translating knowledge from the preclinical stage to human use cases. Attempts to model human DILI directly based on the information from drug labels have had some success; however, the approach falls short of providing insights or addressing uncertainty due to the difficulty of decoupling the idiosyncratic nature of human DILI outcomes. Our approach in this comparative analysis is to leverage existing preclinical and clinical data as well as information on metabolism to better translate mammalian to human DILI. The human DILI knowledge base from the United States Food and Drug Administration (U.S. FDA) National Center for Toxicology Research contains 1036 pharmaceuticals from diverse therapeutic categories. A human DILI training set of 305 oral marketed drugs was prepared and a binary classification scheme applied. The second knowledge base consists of mammalian repeated dose toxicity with liver toxicity data from various regulatory sources. Within this knowledge base, we identified 278 pharmaceuticals containing 198 marketed or withdrawn oral drugs with data from the U.S. FDA new drug application and 98 active pharmaceutical ingredients from ToxCast. From this collection, a set of 225 oral drugs was prepared as the mammalian hepatotoxicity training set with particular end points of pathology findings in the liver and bile duct. Both human and mammalian data sets were processed using various learning algorithms, including artificial intelligence approaches. The external validations for both models were comparable to the training statistics. These data sets were also used to extract species-differentiating chemotypes that differentiate DILI effects on humans from mammals. A systematic workflow was devised to predict human DILI and provide mechanistic insights. For a given query molecule, both human and mammalian models are run. If the predictions are discordant, both metabolites and parents are investigated for quantitative structure–activity relationship and species-differentiating chemotypes. Their results are combined using the Dempster–Shafer decision theory to yield a final outcome prediction for human DILI with estimated uncertainty. Finally, these tools are implementable within an in silico platform for systematic evaluation.

中文翻译:

从转化安全性评估的角度开发一组用于药物性肝损伤的硅胶预测工具

在将知识从临床前阶段转化为人类用例时,药物性肝损伤 (DILI) 仍然是一个挑战。直接根据药品标签信息对人类 DILI 进行建模的尝试取得了一些成功;然而,由于难以解耦人类 DILI 结果的特殊性,该方法无法提供洞察力或解决不确定性。我们在此比较分析中的方法是利用现有的临床前和临床数据以及代谢信息,以更好地将哺乳动物 DILI 转化为人类 DILI。来自美国食品和药物管理局 (US FDA) 国家毒理学研究中心的人类 DILI 知识库包含来自不同治疗类别的 1036 种药物。准备了 305 种口服上市药物的人类 DILI 训练集,并应用了二元分类方案。第二个知识库包括哺乳动物重复剂量毒性和来自各种监管来源的肝毒性数据。在这个知识库中,我们确定了 278 种药物,其中包含 198 种已上市或已撤回的口服药物,这些药物来自美国 FDA 新药申请的数据,以及来自 ToxCast 的 98 种活性药物成分。从这个集合中,准备了一组 225 种口服药物作为哺乳动物肝毒性训练集,具有肝脏和胆管病理学发现的特定终点。人类和哺乳动物数据集都使用各种学习算法进行处理,包括人工智能方法。两种模型的外部验证与训练统计数据相当。这些数据集还用于提取物种分化化学型,以区分 DILI 对人类和哺乳动物的影响。设计了一个系统的工作流程来预测人类 DILI 并提供机械见解。对于给定的查询分子,运行人类和哺乳动物模型。如果预测不一致,则研究代谢物和亲本的定量结构-活性关系和物种分化化学型。他们的结果使用 Dempster-Shafer 决策理论相结合,以产生具有估计不确定性的人类 DILI 的最终结果预测。最后,这些工具可以在一个 设计了一个系统的工作流程来预测人类 DILI 并提供机械见解。对于给定的查询分子,运行人类和哺乳动物模型。如果预测不一致,则研究代谢物和亲本的定量结构-活性关系和物种分化化学型。他们的结果使用 Dempster-Shafer 决策理论相结合,以产生具有估计不确定性的人类 DILI 的最终结果预测。最后,这些工具可以在一个 设计了一个系统的工作流程来预测人类 DILI 并提供机械见解。对于给定的查询分子,运行人类和哺乳动物模型。如果预测不一致,则研究代谢物和亲本的定量结构-活性关系和物种分化化学型。他们的结果使用 Dempster-Shafer 决策理论相结合,以产生具有估计不确定性的人类 DILI 的最终结果预测。最后,这些工具可以在一个 他们的结果使用 Dempster-Shafer 决策理论相结合,以产生具有估计不确定性的人类 DILI 的最终结果预测。最后,这些工具可以在一个 他们的结果使用 Dempster-Shafer 决策理论相结合,以产生具有估计不确定性的人类 DILI 的最终结果预测。最后,这些工具可以在一个用于系统评估的计算机平台。
更新日期:2021-02-15
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