Programming with logic for sophisticated applications must deal with recursion and negation, which together have created significant challenges in logic, leading to many different, conflicting semantics of rules. This paper describes a unified language, DA logic, for design and analysis logic, based on the unifying founded semantics and constraint semantics, that supports the power and ease of programming with different intended semantics. The key idea is to provide meta-constraints, support the use of uncertain information in the form of either undefined values or possible combinations of values and promote the use of knowledge units that can be instantiated by any new predicates, including predicates with additional arguments.

中文翻译：

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不确定世界的知识：具有逻辑约束的编程

对于复杂的应用程序，使用逻辑进行编程必须处理递归和求反，这一起在逻辑上带来了重大挑战，从而导致规则的许多不同且相互冲突的语义。本文基于统一的已建立语义和约束语义，描述了用于设计和分析逻辑的统一语言DA逻辑，该语言支持使用不同预期语义进行编程的强大功能和简便性。关键思想是提供元约束，以不确定的值或值的可能组合的形式支持不确定信息的使用，并促进使用可由任何新谓词（包括带有附加自变量的谓词）实例化的知识单元。