Successful pregnancy establishment in mammals depends on numerous interactions between embryos and the maternal organism. Estradiol-17β (E2) is the primary embryonic signal in the pig, and its importance has been questioned recently. However, E2 is not the only molecule of embryonic origin. In pigs, prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) is abundantly synthesized and secreted by conceptuses and endometrium. The present study aimed to determine the role of PGE2 and its simultaneous action with E2 in changes in porcine endometrial transcriptome during pregnancy establishment. The effects of PGE2 and PGE2 acting with E2 were studied using an in vivo model of intrauterine hormone infusions, and were compared to the effects of E2 alone and conceptuses’ presence on day 12 of pregnancy. The endometrial transcriptome was profiled using gene expression microarrays followed by statistical analyses. Downstream analyses were performed using bioinformatics tools. Differential expression of selected genes was verified by quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Microarray analysis revealed 2413 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the endometrium treated simultaneously with PGE2 and E2 (P < 0.01). No significant effect of PGE2 administered alone on endometrial transcriptome was detected. Gene ontology annotations enriched for DEGs were related to multiple processes such as: focal adhesion, vascularization, cell migration and proliferation, glucose metabolism, tissue remodeling, and activation of immune response. Simultaneous administration of E2 and PGE2 induced more changes within endometrial transcriptome characteristic to pregnancy than infusion of E2 alone. The present findings suggest that synergistic action of estradiol-17β and PGE2 resembles the effects of pregnancy on endometrial transcriptome better than E2 alone.

中文翻译：

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雌二醇和 PGE2 对体内子宫内膜转录组的协同作用类似于妊娠效应，优于单独使用雌二醇†

哺乳动物的成功妊娠建立取决于胚胎和母体有机体之间的许多相互作用。Estradiol-17β (E2) 是猪的主要胚胎信号，其重要性最近受到质疑。然而，E2 并不是胚胎起源的唯一分子。在猪中，前列腺素 E2 (PGE2) 由胎盘和子宫内膜大量合成和分泌。本研究旨在确定 PGE2 的作用及其与 E2 在妊娠建立期间猪子宫内膜转录组变化的同时作用。使用宫内激素输注的体内模型研究了 PGE2 和 PGE2 与 E2 作用的影响，并与单独的 E2 的影响和怀孕第 12 天的受孕者的存在进行了比较。使用基因表达微阵列分析子宫内膜转录组，然后进行统计分析。使用生物信息学工具进行下游分析。通过定量聚合酶链反应验证所选基因的差异表达。微阵列分析揭示了同时用 PGE2 和 E2 处理的子宫内膜中的 2413 个差异表达基因 (DEG)。P  < 0.01)。未检测到单独施用 PGE2 对子宫内膜转录组的显着影响。富含 DEG 的基因本体注释与多个过程有关，例如：粘着斑、血管形成、细胞迁移和增殖、葡萄糖代谢、组织重塑和免疫反应的激活。与单独输注 E2 相比，同时施用 E2 和 PGE2 在妊娠特征性的子宫内膜转录组内引起更多的变化。目前的研究结果表明，estradiol-17β 和 PGE2 的协同作用类似于妊娠对子宫内膜转录组的影响，优于单独的 E2。