The female reproductive tract microenvironment includes microorganisms, metabolites, and immune components, and the balance of the interactions among them plays an important role in maintaining female reproductive tract homeostasis and health. When any one of the reproductive tract microorganisms, metabolites, or immunity is out of balance, it will affect the other two, leading to the occurrence and development of diseases and the appearance of corresponding symptoms and signs, such as infertility, miscarriage, premature delivery, and gynecological tumors caused by infectious diseases of the reproductive tract. Nutrients in the female reproductive tract provide symbiotic and pathogenic microorganisms with a source of nutrients for their own reproduction and utilization. At the same time, this interaction with the host forms a variety of metabolites. Changes in metabolites in the host reproductive tract are related not only to the interaction between the host and microbiota under dysbiosis but also to changes in host immunity or the environment, all of which will participate in the pathogenesis of diseases and lead to disease-related phenotypes. Microorganisms and their metabolites can also interact with host immunity, activate host immunity, and change the host immune status and are closely related to persistent genital pathogen infections, aggravation of infectious diseases, severe pregnancy outcomes, and even gynecological cancers. Therefore, studying the interaction between microorganisms, metabolites, and immunity in the reproductive tract cannot only reveal the pathogenic mechanisms that lead to inflammation of the reproductive tract, adverse pregnancy outcomes and tumorigenesis but also provide a basis for further research on the diagnosis and treatment of targets.

女性生殖道的微环境包括微生物，代谢产物和免疫成分，它们之间相互作用的平衡在维持女性生殖道的动态平衡和健康中起着重要作用。当任何一种生殖微生物，代谢物或免疫力失衡时，它将影响另外两种，导致疾病的发生和发展以及相应的症状和体征的出现，例如不育，流产，早产以及由生殖道传染病引起的妇科肿瘤。女性生殖道中的营养物质为共生和病原微生物提供了自身繁殖和利用营养的来源。与此同时，与宿主的这种相互作用形成了多种代谢产物。宿主生殖道中代谢物的变化不仅与病原菌感染下宿主与微生物群之间的相互作用有关，而且还与宿主免疫力或环境的变化有关，所有这些都将参与疾病的发病机制并导致与疾病相关的表型。微生物及其代谢产物还可以与宿主免疫相互作用，激活宿主免疫并改变宿主免疫状态，并且与持久性生殖器病原体感染，传染病加重，严重妊娠结局乃至妇科癌症密切相关。因此，研究微生物，代谢物，