The range of applications for additive manufacturing is expanding quickly, including mass production of athletic footwear parts1, dental ceramics2 and aerospace components3 as well as fabrication of microfluidics4, medical devices5, and artificial organs6. The light-induced additive manufacturing techniques7 used are particularly successful owing to their high spatial and temporal control, but such techniques still share the common motifs of pointwise or layered generation, as do stereolithography8, laser powder bed fusion9, and continuous liquid interface production10 and its successors11,12. Volumetric 3D printing13-20 is the next step onward from sequential additive manufacturing methods. Here we introduce xolography, a dual colour technique using photoswitchable photoinitiators to induce local polymerization inside a confined monomer volume upon linear excitation by intersecting light beams of different wavelengths. We demonstrate this concept with a volumetric printer designed to generate three-dimensional objects with complex structural features as well as mechanical and optical functions. Compared to state-of-the-art volumetric printing methods, our technique has a resolution about ten times higher than computed axial lithography without feedback optimization, and a volume generation rate four to five orders of magnitude higher than two-photon photopolymerization. We expect this technology to transform rapid volumetric production for objects at the nanoscopic to macroscopic length scales.

中文翻译：

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用于线性体积 3D 打印的 Xolography

增材制造的应用范围正在迅速扩大，包括运动鞋部件 1、牙科陶瓷 2 和航空航天部件 3 的批量生产以及微流体 4、医疗设备 5 和人造器官 6 的制造。所使用的光诱导增材制造技术 7 由于其高度的空间和时间控制而特别成功，但这些技术仍然具有点状或分层生成的共同主题，立体光刻 8、激光粉末床融合 9 和连续液体界面生产 10 及其继任者11,12。体积 3D 打印 13-20 是顺序增材制造方法的下一步。这里我们介绍xolography，一种双色技术，使用光可切换光引发剂在线性激发下通过不同波长的光束相交在受限单体体积内诱导局部聚合。我们用体积打印机演示了这个概念，该打印机旨在生成具有复杂结构特征以及机械和光学功能的三维物体。与最先进的体积印刷方法相比，我们的技术的分辨率比没有反馈优化的计算轴向光刻高约十倍，体积生成率比双光子光聚合高四到五个数量级。我们希望这项技术能够将纳米尺度物体的快速体积生产转变为宏观尺度。