Abstract

Staphylococcus aureus is a leading cause of nosocomial and community-acquired infections. The formation of biofilm by this pathogen renders it resilient to antimicrobial agents, which complicates the treatment of such infections. S. aureus can form biofilms with other pathogens and cause polymicrobial infections recalcitrant to antimicrobial agents. Therefore, anti-biofilm agents against which this bacterium cannot develop resistance are a highly desirable treatment strategy. Nanoparticles and some non-antimicrobial drugs proposed for various clinical purposes have proven to be excellent antibacterial and anti-biofilm agents to control S. aureus biofilm infections. A variety of chemically distinct compounds capable of acting as anti-biofilm agents against S. aureus have been extracted from microbial sources. This review explains the characteristics of S. aureus biofilms, emphasizing the therapeutic potential of nanoparticles, repurposed drugs, and anti-biofilm agents from microbial sources to combat S. aureus biofilm infections.

摘要

金黄色葡萄球菌是医院和社区获得性感染的主要原因。这种病原体形成的生物膜使其具有抗微生物剂的弹性，这使这种感染的治疗变得复杂。金黄色葡萄球菌可与其他病原体形成生物膜，并导致抗微生物剂的多菌种感染。因此，该细菌不能产生抗性的抗生物膜剂是非常需要的治疗策略。为各种临床目的而提出的纳米颗粒和一些非抗微生物药物已被证明是控制金黄色葡萄球菌生物膜感染的极好的抗菌和抗生物膜剂。多种化学上不同的化合物，能够作为抗生物膜剂金黄色葡萄球菌已从微生物来源中提取。这篇综述解释了金黄色葡萄球菌生物膜的特征，强调了来自微生物来源的纳米颗粒，改用药物和抗生物膜剂在对抗金黄色葡萄球菌生物膜感染方面的治疗潜力。