Natural killer (NK) cells are of major significance in patients after allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). They are the first subset of lymphocytes to appear in peripheral blood after transplantation and play an important role in the immune responses against cancer and viral infections. The function of NK cells is controlled by various surface receptors, of which type I integral proteins with immunoglobulin-like domains (killer-cell immunoglobulin-like receptors, KIRs) have been the most extensively studied. The present review focuses on less studied NK cell receptors, such as type II integral proteins with lectin-like domains (CD94/NKG2, NKG2D), natural cytotoxicity receptors (NCRs), immunoglobulin-like transcripts (ILTs) and their ligands. Their potential role in patients with haematological disorders subjected to HSC transplant procedure in the context of post-transplant complications such as viral reactivation and acute graft-versus-host disease (GvHD) will be presented and discussed.

中文翻译：

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非 KIR NK 细胞受体：在同种异体造血干细胞移植中的作用

自然杀伤 (NK) 细胞在异基因造血干细胞移植 (HSCT) 后的患者中具有重要意义。它们是移植后出现在外周血中的第一个淋巴细胞亚群，并在针对癌症和病毒感染的免疫反应中发挥重要作用。NK细胞的功能受多种表面受体控制，其中以免疫球蛋白样结构域（killer-cell Immunoglobulin-like receptors，KIRs）为研究对象的I型整合蛋白最为广泛。本综述侧重于研究较少的 NK 细胞受体，例如具有凝集素样结构域的 II 型整合蛋白（CD94/NKG2、NKG2D）、天然细胞毒性受体（NCR）、免疫球蛋白样转录物（ILT）及其配体。