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Antarctic ecosystems in transition – life between stresses and opportunities
Biological Reviews ( IF 10.0 ) Pub Date : 2020-12-22 , DOI: 10.1111/brv.12679
Julian Gutt 1 , Enrique Isla 2 , José C Xavier 3, 4 , Byron J Adams 5 , In-Young Ahn 6 , C-H Christina Cheng 7 , Claudia Colesie 8 , Vonda J Cummings 9 , Guido di Prisco 10 , Huw Griffiths 4 , Ian Hawes 11 , Ian Hogg 12, 13 , Trevor McIntyre 14 , Klaus M Meiners 15 , David A Pearce 4, 16 , Lloyd Peck 4 , Dieter Piepenburg 1 , Ryan R Reisinger 17 , Grace K Saba 18 , Irene R Schloss 19, 20, 21 , Camila N Signori 22 , Craig R Smith 23 , Marino Vacchi 24 , Cinzia Verde 10 , Diana H Wall 25
Affiliation  

Important findings from the second decade of the 21st century on the impact of environmental change on biological processes in the Antarctic were synthesised by 26 international experts. Ten key messages emerged that have stakeholder-relevance and/or a high impact for the scientific community. They address (i) altered biogeochemical cycles, (ii) ocean acidification, (iii) climate change hotspots, (iv) unexpected dynamism in seabed-dwelling populations, (v) spatial range shifts, (vi) adaptation and thermal resilience, (vii) sea ice related biological fluctuations, (viii) pollution, (ix) endangered terrestrial endemism and (x) the discovery of unknown habitats. Most Antarctic biotas are exposed to multiple stresses and considered vulnerable to environmental change due to narrow tolerance ranges, rapid change, projected circumpolar impacts, low potential for timely genetic adaptation, and migration barriers. Important ecosystem functions, such as primary production and energy transfer between trophic levels, have already changed, and biodiversity patterns have shifted. A confidence assessment of the degree of 'scientific understanding' revealed an intermediate level for most of the more detailed sub-messages, indicating that process-oriented research has been successful in the past decade. Additional efforts are necessary, however, to achieve the level of robustness in scientific knowledge that is required to inform protection measures of the unique Antarctic terrestrial and marine ecosystems, and their contributions to global biodiversity and ecosystem services.

中文翻译:

转型中的南极生态系统——压力与机遇之间的生活

26 位国际专家综合了 21 世纪第二个十年关于环境变化对南极生物过程影响的重要发现。出现了与利益相关者相关和/或对科学界产生重大影响的十个关键信息。它们涉及 (i) 改变的生物地球化学循环,(ii) 海洋酸化,(iii) 气候变化热点,(iv) 海底居民的意外活力,(v) 空间范围变化,(vi) 适应和热弹性,(vii) ) 海冰相关的生物波动,(viii) 污染,(ix) 濒临灭绝的陆地特有现象和 (x) 未知栖息地的发现。大多数南极生物群都面临多重压力,并被认为容易受到环境变化的影响,因为容忍范围窄、变化迅速、预计的极地影响、及时遗传适应和迁移障碍的可能性低。重要的生态系统功能,例如初级生产和营养级之间的能量转移,已经发生了变化,生物多样性模式也发生了变化。对“科学理解”程度的置信度评估显示,大多数更详细的子信息处于中间水平,这表明面向过程的研究在过去十年中取得了成功。然而,需要做出额外的努力,以实现科学知识的稳健程度,为独特的南极陆地和海洋生态系统的保护措施及其对全球生物多样性和生态系统服务的贡献提供信息。例如初级生产和营养级之间的能量转移,已经发生了变化,生物多样性模式也发生了变化。对“科学理解”程度的置信度评估显示,大多数更详细的子信息处于中间水平,这表明面向过程的研究在过去十年中取得了成功。然而,需要做出额外的努力,以实现科学知识的稳健程度,为独特的南极陆地和海洋生态系统的保护措施及其对全球生物多样性和生态系统服务的贡献提供信息。例如初级生产和营养级之间的能量转移,已经发生了变化,生物多样性模式也发生了变化。对“科学理解”程度的置信度评估显示,大多数更详细的子信息处于中间水平,这表明面向过程的研究在过去十年中取得了成功。然而,需要做出额外的努力,以实现科学知识的稳健程度,为独特的南极陆地和海洋生态系统的保护措施及其对全球生物多样性和生态系统服务的贡献提供信息。揭示了大多数更详细的子消息的中间级别,表明面向过程的研究在过去十年中取得了成功。然而,需要做出额外的努力,以实现科学知识的稳健程度,为独特的南极陆地和海洋生态系统的保护措施及其对全球生物多样性和生态系统服务的贡献提供信息。揭示了大多数更详细的子消息的中间级别,表明面向过程的研究在过去十年中取得了成功。然而,需要做出额外的努力,以实现科学知识的稳健程度,为独特的南极陆地和海洋生态系统的保护措施及其对全球生物多样性和生态系统服务的贡献提供信息。
更新日期:2020-12-22
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