Biological nitrogen fixation is an important process to reduce fertilizer application in agriculture ecosystem. However, with accelerated climate warming, it is still unknown how diazotrophs (nitrogen fixing microorganisms) succeed and assemble in long-term field-based experiment. By southward translocating arable Mollisols to a warm-temperate region for a decade to simulate changing climatic regimes, a continuous diversity decrease and structure change was observed for soil diazotrophs, accompanied by a reduction in fertilizer effect on crop productivity and quality. The RNA sequencing based on reverse transcription indicated that dominant diazotrophs were more sensitive to soil transplantation compared to relatively resistant rare taxa. Variations of dominant diazotrophs accounted significantly for the reduction of yield change (17%–20%). Co-occurrence network became more complex with soil transplantation, with increasingly competitive associations among the dominants. Warming climatic regimes acted as a strong environmental filter that increased the deterministic community assembly. Meanwhile, the dominant diazotrophs became more dispersal restricted by quantitation ecological drift, homogenizing dispersal and dispersal limitation processes in stochasticity. An integrated structural equation model further suggested that besides the directly negative effect of warming on the crop yield, the increasing competition of diazotrophic community may also link to the crop productivity and quality.

生物固氮是减少农业生态系统肥料施用的重要过程。然而，随着气候变暖的加剧，仍不清楚重氮菌（固氮微生物）如何在长期的基于野外的实验中成功并组装。通过将可耕的Mollisol向南移至暖温地区十年来模拟不断变化的气候状况，土壤重氮菌的多样性不断减少，结构发生了变化，同时肥料对作物生产力和质量的影响也有所降低。基于逆转录的RNA测序表明，与相对抗性的稀有分类单元相比，显性重氮菌对土壤移植更敏感。占优势的重氮营养菌的变化显着降低了产量变化（17％–20％）。随着土壤移植，共生网络变得更加复杂，优势群体之间的竞争性协会越来越多。气候变暖是强大的环境过滤器，增加了确定性社区的聚集。同时，占主导地位的重氮营养菌的扩散受到定量生态漂移的限制，在随机性中均化了扩散和扩散限制过程。一个综合的结构方程模型进一步表明，除了变暖对作物产量的直接负面影响外，重氮营养群落竞争的加剧也可能与作物的生产力和质量有关。气候变暖是强大的环境过滤器，增加了确定性社区的聚集。同时，占主导地位的重氮营养菌的扩散受到定量生态漂移的限制，在随机性中均化了扩散和扩散限制过程。一个综合的结构方程模型进一步表明，除了变暖对作物产量的直接负面影响外，重氮营养群落竞争的加剧也可能与作物的生产力和质量有关。气候变暖是强大的环境过滤器，增加了确定性社区的聚集。同时，占主导地位的重氮营养菌的扩散受到定量生态漂移的限制，在随机性中均化了扩散和扩散限制过程。一个综合的结构方程模型进一步表明，除了变暖对作物产量的直接负面影响外，重氮营养群落竞争的加剧也可能与作物的生产力和质量有关。