In Indian montane system, human populations often exhibit an unparallel social organization where inter-caste marriages are still not common. This attribute affects the demography and population genetic structure of the resident populations. Further, human populations residing in the mountains in India are poorly studied for their genetic make-up and allele distribution patterns. In the present study, we genotyped 594 unrelated individuals using PowerPlex® 21 System (Promega, USA) from eight different populations belonging to 12 districts of Himachal Pradesh which differed in ethnicity, language, geography and social organization. Altogether, we obtained 1415 alleles with a mean of 8.84 ± 0.26 alleles per locus and 0.80 mean observed heterozygosity. Locus Penta E showed the highest combined power of discrimination and was found most informative for forensic purposes. Interestingly, phylogenetic analysis grouped the populations of Rajputs, Scheduled castes and Brahmins into one cluster, which indicated a deep genetic admixture in the ancestral populations. This study documents the first-ever report on the population genetic assignment of various castes in Himachal Pradesh and unveils the facts of cryptic gene flow among the diverse castes in the northern hilly state of India. Our results showed a genetic relationship among the various ethno-linguistically diverse populations of India.

在印度的山地系统中，人口常常表现出无与伦比的社会组织，而种姓之间的婚姻仍然不常见。此属性影响常住人口的人口统计学和人口遗传结构。此外，对印度山区居民的遗传组成和等位基因分布模式研究不足。在本研究中，我们使用PowerPlex®21系统（美国Promega）来自喜马al尔邦12个地区的8个不同种族，语言，地理和社会组织的594个个体进行了基因分型。我们总共获得了1415个等位基因，平均每个位点为8.84±0.26个等位基因，平均观察到的杂合度为0.80。Penta E位点显示出最高的综合辨别力，并且被发现对于法医目的最有用。有趣的是，系统发育分析将拉吉普特人，预定种姓和婆罗门人的种群归为一类，这表明祖先种群中存在着深深的遗传混合。这项研究记录了关于喜马al尔邦各种种姓种群遗传分配的第一份报告，并揭示了印度北部丘陵州不同种姓之间隐性基因流动的事实。我们的研究结果显示了印度各个民族语言上的不同人群之间的遗传关系。这项研究记录了关于喜马al尔邦各种种姓种群遗传分配的第一份报告，并揭示了印度北部丘陵州不同种姓之间隐性基因流动的事实。我们的研究结果显示了印度各个民族语言上的不同人群之间的遗传关系。这项研究记录了关于喜马al尔邦各种种姓种群遗传分配的第一份报告，并揭示了印度北部丘陵州不同种姓之间隐性基因流动的事实。我们的研究结果显示了印度各个民族语言上的不同人群之间的遗传关系。