A computational system is called autonomous if it is able to make its own decisions, or take its own actions, without human supervision or control. The capability and spread of such systems have reached the point where they are beginning to touch much of everyday life. However, regulators grapple with how to deal with autonomous systems, for example how could we certify an Unmanned Aerial System for autonomous use in civilian airspace? We here analyse what is needed in order to provide verified reliable behaviour of an autonomous system, analyse what can be done as the state-of-the-art in automated verification, and propose a roadmap towards developing regulatory guidelines, including articulating challenges to researchers, to engineers, and to regulators. Case studies in seven distinct domains illustrate the article.

计算系统称为自治系统是否能够在没有人为监督或控制的情况下做出自己的决定或采取自己的行动。这样的系统的功能和传播已经达到他们开始接触日常生活的程度。但是，监管机构努力应对如何处理自主系统，例如，我们如何才能认证可在民用空域自主使用的无人机系统？在这里，我们分析了提供自动系统经过验证的可靠行为所需的条件，分析了作为自动验证的最新技术可以做什么，并提出了制定监管指南的路线图，包括向研究人员明确提出挑战，工程师和监管机构。七个不同领域的案例研究说明了这篇文章。