Sluicing deletes everything but a wh phrase. We document a novel phenomenon in Japanese, what we call countersluicing, in which everything but a wh phrase (and what follows it) survives deletion. Countersluicing lacks an overt wh phrase but nevertheless functions as a wh question. We propose that both countersluicing and sluicing have a cleft structure as their underlying structure. Countersluicing is derived from applying argument ellipsis to ForceP. This is exactly the opposite of what happens in sluicing in Japanese: argument ellipsis applies to a topicalized FinP. We provide several pieces of evidence for our analysis, involving multiple foci, connectivity effects, the clausemate condition, and island sensitivity.

中文翻译：

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反选

泄水删除一切，但一个WH短语。我们用日文记录了一种新现象，我们称之为反流氓，其中除wh短语（及其后的短语）之外的所有内容都可以删除。Countersluicing缺乏一个明显的wh短语但仍然充当WH题。我们建议反泄水和泄水都具有裂缝结构作为其基础结构。取消选票是通过将参数省略号应用于ForceP得出的。这与日语中的泄密完全相反：参数省略号适用于主题化FinP。我们为分析提供了一些证据，涉及多个焦点，连通性效应，从属条件和孤岛敏感性。