Brazilian Portuguese used to have null subjects like European Portuguese, but today they are mostly lost. It has been claimed that this change to the null‐subject parameter made Brazilian Portuguese no longer a subject‐prominent language (aka an agreement‐prominent language) but a topic‐and‐subject‐prominent one, with the appearance of so‐called topic subjects. In this article, we show that the loss of null subjects in Brazilian Portuguese is not sufficient to explain the emergence of topic subjects: the generalized loss of third‐person clitics also plays a crucial role. We provide evidence from within Brazilian Portuguese, comparing topic‐subject constructions to clitic‐left‐dislocation constructions with first‐ and second‐person pronouns; we also compare Brazilian Portuguese to Dominican Spanish, a language that has also mostly lost null subjects but has retained its entire clitic system. We show that what is behind the appearance of topic‐subject constructions in Brazilian Portuguese is the partial disappearance of clitic left dislocation, a topic construction that Dominican Spanish has retained for all persons. The analysis proposed appeals to empty dative clitics and their inability to assign case in Brazilian Portuguese. Finally, we adopt the feature‐inheritance hypothesis (Miyagawa 2010) in order to derive the topicality of Brazilian Portuguese's so‐called topic subjects.

中文翻译：

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巴西葡萄牙语中的主题主题和多米尼加西班牙语中的克里特左左错位：克里特和空主题的作用

巴西葡萄牙语曾经像欧洲葡萄牙语一样具有空主题，但如今它们大多丢失了。据称，对null-subject参数的更改使巴西葡萄牙语不再是主语（也就是协议主语），而是主题和主语，出现了主题。科目。在本文中，我们证明了巴西葡萄牙语中空主题的丢失不足以解释主题主题的出现：第三人称气候的普遍丢失也起着至关重要的作用。我们提供巴西葡萄牙语内部的证据，将主题主体结构与带有第一和第二人称代词的气候左位错结构进行比较；我们还比较了巴西葡萄牙语和多米尼加西班牙语，一种语言，大多数语言也失去了空主题，但保留了整个气候系统。我们表明，巴西葡萄牙语中主题结构的出现背后是左倾位错的部分消失，这是多米尼加西班牙语为所有人保留的主题结构。这项分析提出了呼吁，呼吁空虚的气候以及它们无法以巴西葡萄牙语进行案例分配。最后，我们采用特征继承假设（Miyagawa 2010），以推导巴西葡萄牙语所谓主题主题的主题性。多米尼加西班牙语为所有人保留的主题结构。这项分析提出了对空的地缘气候及其不能以巴西葡萄牙语进行案例区分的呼吁。最后，我们采用特征继承假设（Miyagawa 2010），以得出巴西葡萄牙语所谓主题主题的主题性。多米尼加西班牙语为所有人保留的主题结构。这项分析提出了呼吁，呼吁空虚的气候以及它们无法以巴西葡萄牙语进行案例分配。最后，我们采用特征继承假设（Miyagawa 2010），以得出巴西葡萄牙语所谓主题主题的主题性。