There is growing evidence that motivations reflecting social withdrawal are linked to various correlates and outcomes in childhood, adolescence, and emerging adulthood. However, little work has examined the subtypes of withdrawn motivations in early adulthood. Hence, the purpose of this study was to compare shy, avoidant, unsocial, mixed‐withdrawn, and non‐withdrawn men and women in early adulthood on indices of well‐being. This study drew on a large, representative U.S. sample of 5,000 participants (2,930 female) ages 30–35 (M_age = 32.50, SD = 1.70). Findings reveal that shy, avoidant, and mixed‐withdrawal individuals experience more negative outcomes (e.g., receiving less education) and lower well‐being (e.g., lower life satisfaction, more internalizing problems, and regret) in early adulthood.

中文翻译：

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害羞但仍在挣扎：研究30年代社会退缩与幸福感亚型之间的关系

越来越多的证据表明，反映社会退缩的动机与儿童期，青春期和成年期的各种相关因素和结果相关。但是，很少有研究检查成年后撤回动机的亚型。因此，本研究的目的是比较成年早期的害羞，回避，不社交，混血和不退缩的男性和女性的幸福指数。这项研究采用了具有代表性的美国大型样本，样本为5,000名30-35岁的参与者（2930名女性）（M_年龄 = 32.50，SD = 1.70）。研究结果表明，害羞，回避和混合性退缩的人在成年早期经历了更多的负面结果（例如，受过较少的教育）和更低的幸福感（例如，生活满意度降低，更多的内在化问题和后悔）。