This paper proposes a novel approach to evaluate European countries on Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) by means of Hierarchical Stochastic Multicriteria Acceptability Analysis (HSMAA). HSMAA produces rankings with Monte Carlo generation of weights, overcoming the need to choose one specific set of weights. The main contribution of this paper lies in the possibility of quantifying the probability by which each country receives a given ranking. Furthermore, HSMAA allows to take into account the hierarchical nature of SDG measurement given that each of the 17 Goals also consists of several indicators. Our results show that Denmark outperforms other European countries, while lower levels of performance are observed in Romania and Bulgaria. In between bottom and top performers, we also find that many countries’ rankings vary widely by the chosen set of weights, exemplifying the need to rank countries based on multiple weightings and to quantify the probabilities of each ranking.

中文翻译：

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欧洲的可持续发展：多标准决策分析

本文提出了一种通过分层随机多标准可接受性分析 (HSMAA) 评估欧洲国家可持续发展目标 (SDG) 的新方法。HSMAA 使用蒙特卡罗权重生成排名，克服了选择一组特定权重的需要。本文的主要贡献在于量化每个国家获得给定排名的概率的可能性。此外，考虑到 17 个目标中的每一个也包含多个指标，HSMAA 允许考虑 SDG 衡量的层次性质。我们的结果表明，丹麦的表现优于其他欧洲国家，而罗马尼亚和保加利亚的表现则较低。在表现最差与表现最差之间，