Nongovernmental actors play several important roles in promoting compliance with international fisheries regulations. These roles consist on the one hand in monitoring, investigating and reporting occurrences of illegal, unreported and unregulated fishing, and, on the other hand, in direct actions in coastal States’ exclusive economic zones and on the high seas. Some of these actions, in particular data gathering and sharing, fall squarely within the existing regime of the law of the sea. Other actions, such as some types of direct actions on the high seas, may be legally more questionable. In any case, the nongovernmental nature of the actors raises issues of efficiency, accountability, authority and allocation of responsibility. Notwithstanding expected resistance to reform from States and non‐State actors, there is a clear need to adapt and clarify the legal regime, at the risk otherwise of undermining the rule of law.

中文翻译：

---

非政府行为体在改善对渔业法规的遵守方面的作用

非政府组织在促进遵守国际渔业法规方面发挥着重要作用。这些角色一方面包括监测，调查和报告非法，不报告和不管制捕鱼的发生，另一方面是在沿海国专属经济区和公海的直接行动。这些行动中的某些行动，特别是数据收集和共享，完全属于现行海洋法制度之内。从法律上讲，其他行动，例如某些类型的在公海上的直接行动，可能会更具疑问。无论如何，行为者的非政府性质引起了效率，问责制，权威和责任分配的问题。尽管预期国家和非国家行为者会反对改革，