According to the 1.5°C Special Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, limiting global warming to 1.5 or 2°C, as specified in the Paris Agreement, will require significant reductions, both in cumulative carbon dioxide emissions and in short‐lived climate pollutants, including methane. This article seeks to explore how action on global methane emissions could be strengthened under the United Nations climate regime, particularly through the Paris Agreement. To answer this question, the article begins by analysing the existing methane mitigation and reporting commitments under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, the Kyoto Protocol, the Paris Agreement and the Paris rulebook. The article then explores the possibilities to further strengthen these commitments through the Paris Agreement. Methane can be targeted in future rounds of nationally determined contributions through specified methane mitigation targets and strategies. The reporting of methane emissions will significantly improve through the enhanced transparency framework of the Paris Agreement and the reporting guidelines agreed under the Paris rulebook. In addition, the article identifies several further opportunities for strengthening action on methane under the Paris Agreement, including through its sustainable development mechanism, long‐term low greenhouse gas emission development strategies, global stocktake, support and non‐party action.

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超越二氧化碳：在联合国气候制度下加强对全球甲烷排放的行动

根据政府间气候变化专门委员会1.5°C特别报告，按照《巴黎协定》的规定，将全球变暖限制在1.5或2°C，将需要大量减少二氧化碳的累积排放量和短期气候污染物，包括甲烷。本文旨在探讨如何在联合国气候制度下，特别是通过《巴黎协定》，加强对全球甲烷排放的行动。为了回答这个问题，本文首先分析了现有的缓解甲烷的行为，并根据《联合国气候变化框架公约》，《京都议定书》，《巴黎协定》和《巴黎规则手册》报告了承诺。然后，本文探讨了通过《巴黎协定》进一步加强这些承诺的可能性。通过指定的甲烷减排目标和策略，甲烷可成为未来几轮国家自主贡献的目标。通过提高《巴黎协定》的透明度框架和根据巴黎规则手册商定的报告准则，甲烷排放的报告将大大改善。此外，本文还指出了《巴黎协定》下加强甲烷行动的其他机会，包括通过其可持续发展机制，长期低温室气体排放发展战略，全球盘点，支持和非缔约方行动。通过提高《巴黎协定》的透明度框架和根据巴黎规则手册商定的报告准则，甲烷排放的报告将大大改善。此外，本文还指出了《巴黎协定》下加强甲烷行动的其他机会，包括通过其可持续发展机制，长期低温室气体排放发展战略，全球盘点，支持和非缔约方行动。通过提高《巴黎协定》的透明度框架和根据巴黎规则手册商定的报告准则，甲烷排放的报告将大大改善。此外，本文还指出了《巴黎协定》下加强甲烷行动的更多机会，包括通过其可持续发展机制，长期低温室气体排放发展战略，全球评估，支持和非缔约方行动。