Vocational interest theories imply a person–occupation cross-level interaction effect (e.g., artistic interests predict job performance better in artistic occupations), which has rarely if ever been tested as such. Using a large military sample, we find person–occupation interest congruence effects are supported: (a) on core technical job performance for six of eight interest dimensions, and (b) on job performance ratings for structural/machines and rugged outdoors (i.e., Realistic) interests. Another cross-level interaction involves the person–occupation gender congruence effect. Our data also confirm the job performance gap favors men when in male-dominated occupations, but favors women when in gender-balanced occupations. Due to strong overlap between vocational interests and gender, we conduct a critical test of whether person–occupation interest congruence might be due to person–occupation gender congruence. In only two of six cases (i.e., rugged outdoors and administrative interests), did the person–occupation interest congruence effect disappear after controlling for the person–occupation gender congruence effect; the gender congruence effect also remained significant after controlling for the interest congruence effect. Consequently, the two cross-level interactions on job performance (for vocational interests and for gender) appear to represent distinct effects. In a second, service organization sample, the person–occupation interest congruence effect (for Realistic interests) on job performance ratings and the person–occupation gender congruence effect were both replicated.

中文翻译：

---

职业兴趣，性别和工作绩效：两人-跨职业互动

职业兴趣理论隐含着人与职业之间的跨层次互动效应（例如，艺术兴趣可以更好地预测艺术职业中的工作表现），这种情况很少经过检验。使用大量的军事样本，我们发现个人-个人利益的一致性效应得到支持：（a）八个兴趣维度中的六个对核心技术工作绩效的影响，以及（b）对结构/机器和崎outdoors不平的户外工作绩效的评价（即，现实）的兴趣。另一个跨层次的互动涉及人与职业的性别一致性影响。我们的数据还证实，在男性主导的职业中，工作绩效差距有利于男性，而在性别平衡的职业中，女性有利于女性。由于职业兴趣和性别之间有很强的重叠性，我们对个人职业兴趣的一致性是否归因于个人职业性别的一致性进行了严格的测试。在六个案例中，只有两个案例（即户外崎and和行政利益）在控制了个人-职业性别同质效应之后，个人-职业利益同质效应是否消失了？在控制了利益一致性效应之后，性别一致性效应也仍然很显着。因此，工作绩效（出于职业兴趣和性别）的两个跨层次的相互作用似乎代表了不同的影响。在第二个服务组织样本中，