Abstract

In the field of Arctic shipping, Canada and the Russian Federation have enacted extensive unilateral national regulations cognizant of Article 234, UN Convention on the Law of the Sea. On the global level, both states have been important actors in negotiating the International Maritime Organization’s mandatory Polar Code, a legal instrument with implications for regulations at the national level. This article compares and contrasts the approaches, positions, and arguments of Canada and Russia especially regarding national systems to control navigation and vessel-source pollution. The results suggest different emphases stemming from the two states’ political and economic realities and capacities.

摘要

在北极航运领域，加拿大和俄罗斯联邦制定了广泛的单方面国家法规，承认《联合国海洋法公约》第234条。在全球范围内，两国在谈判国际海事组织的强制性《极地法典》方面发挥了重要作用，《极地法典》是对国家层面的法规产生影响的法律文书。本文比较并对比了加拿大和俄罗斯的方法，立场和论点，特别是关于控制航行和船源污染的国家系统方面。结果表明，两国的政治和经济现实与能力具有不同的侧重点。