Current debates around robotics and artificial intelligence (AI) are dominated by concerns over the threat to employment, amid widely varying estimates of potential job losses. Countries are expected to fare differently, but there is little comparative research that goes beyond analysing industry and occupational structures. This article rethinks ‘country effects’ by exploring the role of institutions and social actors in shaping technological change in Norway and the UK. Drawing upon interviews with technology experts, employer associations and trade unions, it examines their perspectives on public policy support for the development and diffusion of robotics and AI, along with potential consequences for employment, work and skills. The research indicates significant country differences and the continued relevance of institutions, interests and power in analysing country effects.

中文翻译：

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重新思考国家效应：挪威和英国的机器人技术，人工智能和工作前景

在对潜在就业机会的估计范围广泛变化的情况下，当前围绕机器人技术和人工智能（AI）的争论主要是对就业威胁的担忧。各国的票价会有所不同，但是除了分析行业和职业结构外，几乎没有其他比较研究。本文通过探讨制度和社会参与者在塑造挪威和英国的技术变革中的作用来重新思考“国家效应”。它通过对技术专家，雇主协会和工会的采访，考察了他们对机器人和AI的发展和传播的公共政策支持的观点，以及对就业，工作和技能的潜在影响。研究表明，国家/地区之间存在重大差异，并且机构之间的相关性不断提高，