The article reviews intractability qualities and uses the Israeli‐Palestinian conflict as an example of the difficult conversations that characterize the conflict between competing groups. There are two typical research trends for analyzing group conflict. These are either a rational model or intractable conflict model. The rational model assumes that differences are over realistic issues such as scarce resources. The intractable model focuses on identity and emotions. Intractable conflicts are recalcitrant, nonrational, and particularly resistant to resolution. They generate difficult conversations. The argument here demonstrates how intractability establishes the descriptive conditions for difficult conversations about conflicts. These conditions are incommensurate cultural narratives, narrative particularity, existential threat, power differences, and delegitimization. Islam and the West and the Israelis and Palestinians are used as examples. Finally, such difficult divides must attend to five issues that ameliorate difficult conversations, namely, inclusion, maximization of arguments and reasons, controlling undue influences, dialogic equality, and the value of deliberation.

中文翻译：

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与敌人对话：艰难的对话和种族政治冲突

本文回顾了难解性，并以以色列-巴勒斯坦冲突为例，说明了相互竞争的群体之间发生冲突的艰难对话。分析群体冲突有两种典型的研究趋势。这些要么是理性模型，要么是棘手的冲突模型。理性模型假设差异超出了实际问题，例如稀缺资源。棘手的模型侧重于身份和情感。顽固的冲突是顽强的，非理性的，并且特别难以解决。他们产生困难的对话。这里的论点证明了难缠性如何为有关冲突的艰难对话建立描述条件。这些条件是不恰当的文化叙事，叙事特殊性，生存威胁，权力差异和合法化。以伊斯兰教和西方以及以色列人和巴勒斯坦人为例。最后，这种困难的分歧必须涉及改善困难对话的五个问题，即包容，论点和理由的最大化，控制不当影响，对话平等和审议的价值。