This paper contributes to recent lines of inquiry addressing the nature of indices in definite expressions. The primary language of investigation is Washo, a North American isolate spoken in the western United States. Building on previous claims about the structure of anaphoric definites, I propose a unified analysis of the Washo DP that lends novel evidence to the claim that indices are best thought of as syntactic objects in their own right, independent from D. The structurally encoded index—introduced by a head idx—is shown to be overtly realized by the morpheme gi/ge in both pronouns and demonstratives, as well as at the periphery of internally headed relative clauses, which are themselves complex DPs. An important aspect of this proposal is the argument that idx can play two related semantic roles: The semantic index it hosts can be interpreted either as a variable, as previously proposed for familiar definites, or itself as a variable binder. The availability of the latter explains the appearance of gi/ge in internally headed relatives. I show moreover that the exponence of idx in Washo is sensitive to the type of complement it takes, a proposal that makes sense of the observed distribution of gi/ge in a range of definite expressions.

中文翻译：

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和商的 DP 结构和内部领导的亲属

这篇论文对最近关于确定表达式中索引的性质的研究方向做出了贡献。调查的主要语言是 Washo，一种在美国西部使用的北美孤立语。基于先前关于照应定语结构的主张，我提出了对 Washo DP 的统一分析，该分析为以下主张提供了新的证据，即索引本身最好被认为是句法对象，独立于 D。结构编码的索引——由中心词 idx 引入——显示由代词和指示词中的词素 gi/ge 公开实现，以及在内部中心关系从句的外围，它们本身是复杂的 DP。该提案的一个重要方面是 idx 可以扮演两个相关语义角色的论点：它承载的语义索引既可以解释为变量，如先前为熟悉的定义提出的那样，也可以将其本身解释为变量绑定器。后者的可用性解释了 gi/ge 在内部领导的亲属中的出现。此外，我还表明，Washo 中 idx 的指数对其所采用的补码类型很敏感，这一提议使观察到的 gi/ge 在一系列确定表达式中的分布有意义。