In this article, we investigate factors affecting hate crime policies by examining anti‐LGBT (lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender) hate crime reports as a type of policy implementation. Analyzing state‐level data drawn primarily from the US Census between 1995 and 2008, we examine how structural and social movement mobilization factors explain hate crime reporting. We find that anti‐LGBT hate crimes are more likely to be reported in more urbanized states and in states with both split political elites and a greater number of LGBT social movement organizations. We discuss the implications of our findings for separating the drivers of policy passage from policy implementation and for complementary criminological and social movement explanations for hate crime reporting.

中文翻译：

---

仇恨犯罪报告的州级决定因素：审查结构性和社会运动的影响

在本文中，我们通过检查反LGBT（女同性恋，男同性恋，双性恋，变性者）仇恨犯罪报告作为一种政策实施方式，来研究影响仇恨犯罪政策的因素。通过分析主要从1995年至2008年美国人口普查获得的州级数据，我们研究了结构和社会运动动员因素如何解释仇恨犯罪报告。我们发现，在城市化程度更高的州以及政治精英分化和LGBT社会运动组织数量更多的州，反LGBT仇恨犯罪的报道可能性更高。我们讨论了我们的发现对于将政策通过与政策执行的驱动因素分开，以及对仇恨犯罪报告的补充犯罪学和社会运动解释的影响。