Multilingual research could offer a unique perspective on how the languages already acquired by a person affect the online processing of a new language. But it is currently difficult to assess this issue because theoretical accounts of multilingualism have focused on acquisition rather than processing and most empirical research to date has gathered untimed (offline) evidence. To help bridge this gap, we formulate hypotheses that can help derive processing predictions from existing accounts of multilingualism. But crucially, and based on previous findings in second language processing, we identify ways in which assumptions about crosslinguistic influence may need to be revised to allow the separate treatment of lexical and syntactic processing, and to consider the role of variables such as language dominance and proficiency. In our view, the question of what's special about multilingualism is worth studying, but more research is needed before we can begin answering it.

中文翻译：

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跨语言影响在多语言处理中的作用：词典与语法

多语言研究可以为人们已经掌握的语言如何影响新语言的在线处理提供独特的见解。但是目前很难评估此问题，因为多语言论的理论解释着重于获取而非处理，并且迄今为止，大多数经验研究都收集了不合时宜的（离线）证据。为了弥合这一差距，我们提出了一些假设，这些假设可以帮助从现有的多语种解释中得出处理预测。但至关重要的是，根据先前在第二语言处理中的发现，我们确定了可能需要修改的关于跨语言影响的假设的方法，以允许分别处理词汇和句法处理，并考虑变量的作用，例如语言优势和熟练程度。我们认为，