Nuclear emergencies confront decision‐makers, emergency actors and publics with several challenges, many of which are related to social, ethical and communication aspects. Based on empirical data from three European countries, this paper investigates citizens' potential behaviour in an emergency situation. It analyses relationships between self‐assessed compliance with protective actions and a number of variables, including knowledge about protective actions, trustworthiness of communicators, perceived social norm (expectation of other residents' behaviour), perceived effectiveness and perceived difficulty of protective actions. Results suggest that most respondents expect to follow actions advised by authorities, except for leaving children at school or avoiding the use of phones. Moreover, large fractions of local and wider publics may seek to avoid risks by rejecting food produced in affected areas even when it satisfies legal norms or taking iodine tablets when not needed. Self‐assessed compliance with protective actions is positively correlated with perceived social norm, perceived effectiveness and compliance with other actions; and negatively correlated with perceived difficulty. Higher trust in the regulator is associated with higher compliance with some actions, but mostly among the local populations. We argue that clarifying and anticipating societal concerns contributes to enhancing societal resilience and the response to nuclear accidents.

中文翻译：

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在核事故中，公民将如何回应官方建议？来自三个欧洲国家的研究见解

核紧急情况面临着决策者，紧急行动者和公众的诸多挑战，其中许多挑战与社会，道德和沟通方面有关。基于来自三个欧洲国家的经验数据，本文研究了公民在紧急情况下的潜在行为。它分析了自我评估的保护措施遵从性与许多变量之间的关系，这些变量包括有关保护措施的知识，沟通者的信任度，感知到的社会规范（对其他居民行为的期望），感知到的有效性以及感知到的保护措施的难度。结果表明，除了将孩子留在学校或避免使用电话外，大多数受访者都希望遵循当局建议的行动。而且，即使是满足法律规范的食品或不需要时服用碘片，也有很大一部分的当地和广大公众可能会通过拒绝在受灾地区生产的食品来寻求规避风险的方法。自我评估对保护措施的遵守程度与所感知的社会规范，所感知的有效性以及对其他行为的遵守程度呈正相关；并与感知的困难负相关。对监管机构的更高信任与对某些行动的较高遵从性相关，但主要是在当地居民中。我们认为，澄清和预期社会关注点有助于增强社会适应力和对核事故的反应。自我评估对保护措施的遵守程度与所感知的社会规范，所感知的有效性以及对其他行为的遵守程度呈正相关；并与感知的困难负相关。对监管机构的更高信任与对某些行动的较高遵从性相关，但主要是在当地居民中。我们认为，澄清和预期社会关注点有助于增强社会适应力和对核事故的反应。自我评估对保护措施的遵守程度与所感知的社会规范，所感知的有效性以及对其他行为的遵守程度呈正相关；并与感知的困难负相关。对监管机构的更高信任与对某些行动的较高遵从性相关，但主要是在当地居民中。我们认为，澄清和预期社会关注点有助于增强社会适应力和对核事故的反应。