This paper is written in response to Lloyd and Whitehead’s (2018) Kicked to the Curb: The triangular trade of neoliberal polity, social insecurity, and penal expulsion. Using the “triangular trade” that underpinned chattel slavery as an analytical metaphor, Lloyd and Whitehead (2018) argue that the growth of mass incarceration is an endogenous feature of neoliberalism. They conclude a distinctive form of penality - neoliberal penality has developed over the past forty years. Lloyd and Whitehead (2018) propose that a tripartite model - neoliberalism, precarity and mass incarceration - as the basis for a model of neoliberal penality. This paper uses an exploration of the arguments raised by Lloyd and Whitehead (2018) to examine the links between neoliberalism and the expansion of the penal state. Whilst recognising the centrality of race to these issues, the paper argues that the model that Lloyd and Whitehead (2018) present offers a partial explanation for mass incarceration. This paper acknowledges that the triangular trade metaphor is a powerful one but will conclude that it has limitations. In particular, the comparihson between mass incarceration and chattel slavery is overstated. The economic impact of slavery and its centrality to the modern capitalism (Williams, 2014) cannot be compared to the exploitation that occurs in the current prison system. The paper argues that neoliberalism, precarity and mass incarceration are clearly linked but do not constitute a triangular trade as Lloyd and Whitehead (2018) conclude.

本文是针对劳埃德和怀特海德（Lloyd and Whitehead，2018）被踢到路边：新自由主义政体，社会不安全感和刑事驱逐的三角贸易而写的。劳埃德和怀特海德（Lloyd and Whitehead，2018年）使用动产奴隶制基础上的“三角贸易”作为分析隐喻，认为大规模监禁的增长是新自由主义的内生特征。他们得出了一种独特的刑罚形式：新自由主义的刑罚在过去四十年中得到了发展。劳埃德（Lloyd）和怀特海德（Whitehead）（2018）提出了三方模型-新自由主义，不稳定和大规模监禁-作为新自由主义刑罚模型的基础。本文利用对劳埃德（Lloyd）和怀特海德（Whitehead）（2018）提出的观点的探讨，考察了新自由主义与刑法扩张之间的联系。尽管认识到种族对这些问题的重要性，但本文认为Lloyd和Whitehead（2018）提出的模型为大规模监禁提供了部分解释。本文承认三角形贸易隐喻是一个有力的隐喻，但将得出结论它有局限性。特别是，大规模监禁与动产奴隶制之间的比较被夸大了。奴隶制的经济影响及其在现代资本主义中的核心地位（Williams，2014）无法与当前监狱系统中发生的剥削相提并论。该论文认为，新自由主义，