The distributional effects of a major air regulation in the United State in 2015 were analyzed using Berliant and Strauss Index Numbers, a set of theoretical and empirical equity metrics, and reduced‐form models that estimate the mortality effects of air pollutant emissions and their source contributions. By viewing the effects of pollution on human mortality as an implicit tax, we found progressivity in 54% to 56% of vertical comparisons and inequity in 92% to 94% of horizontal comparisons. The introduction of the proposed policy made 58% of vertical comparisons more progressive and was equitable to 70% of horizontal comparisons.

中文翻译：

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公平与环境：Berliant-Strauss纵向和横向公平框架在测量空气质量监管的分配效应中的应用

使用Berliant和Strauss指数编号，一套理论和经验公平指标以及简化形式的模型来估算2015年美国主要空气法规的分布效应，该模型估算了空气污染物排放的死亡率影响及其来源。通过将污染对人类死亡率的影响视为一项隐性税，我们发现纵向比较的累进性为54％至56％，横向比较的不平等性为92％至94％。拟议政策的出台使纵向比较的58％更加进步，并且相当于横向比较的70％。