Maternal singing is considered vital to infant well‐being. This study focuses on vocal emotion expressions in infant‐directed singing among mothers in war conditions. It examines the questions: (a) how traumatic war events and mental health problems are associated with the content and valence of vocal emotion expressions and (b) how these emotion expressions are associated with infant development. The vocal material consists of songs sung by 50 Palestinian mothers who participated at delivery (T1) as well as when their infants were 6 (T2) and 18 (T3) months of age. These mothers reported traumatic war events (T1); depressive and post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms (T2–T3); and infants' emotional, sensorimotor, and cognitive development (T2–T3). Student judges evaluated the valence and content of vocal emotion expressions in maternal infant‐directed singing (playfulness‐vivacity, fear, joy, sadness, love‐tenderness, anger, and tension). Severe traumatic war events and depressive symptoms were associated with low positive and high negative vocal emotion expressions. High levels of playfulness and joy, as well as low levels of fear and tension, were associated with infant positive affectivity, while low levels of fear, anger, and tension were associated with advanced infant language skills. Discussion focuses on the vocal markers of maternal mental health and infant development.

中文翻译：

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婴儿定向唱歌中的声音情感表达：战争创伤和孕产妇心理健康的影响以及对婴儿发育的影响

产妇唱歌被认为对婴儿的健康至关重要。这项研究的重点是战争条件下母亲在婴儿指导的唱歌中的声音情感表达。它研究了以下问题：（a）战争创伤事件和心理健康问题与语音情感表达的内容和价数如何相关；以及（b）这些情感表达与婴儿发育如何相关。声音材料包括50名巴勒斯坦母亲在分娩（T1）以及婴儿6岁（T2）和18岁（T3）时演唱的歌曲。这些母亲报告发生了战争创伤事件（T1）。抑郁症和创伤后应激障碍（PTSD）症状（T2-T3）；以及婴儿的情绪，感觉运动和认知发展（T2-T3）。学生评委评估了母婴指导歌唱中声音情感表达的效价和内容（好玩，生气，恐惧，喜悦，悲伤，爱抚，愤怒和紧张）。严重的创伤性战争事件和抑郁症状与低正语音表达和高负语音表达有关。高水平的嬉戏和欢乐，以及低水平的恐惧和紧张与婴儿积极的情感相关，而低水平的恐惧，愤怒和紧张与婴儿的高级语言技能相关。讨论的重点是母亲心理健康和婴儿发育的发声标记。严重的创伤性战争事件和抑郁症状与低正语音表达和高负语音表达有关。高水平的嬉戏和欢乐以及低水平的恐惧和紧张与婴儿积极的情感相关，而低水平的恐惧，愤怒和紧张与婴儿的高级语言技能相关。讨论的重点是母亲心理健康和婴儿发育的发声标记。严重的创伤性战争事件和抑郁症状与低正语音表达和高负语音表达有关。高水平的嬉戏和欢乐，以及低水平的恐惧和紧张与婴儿积极的情感相关，而低水平的恐惧，愤怒和紧张与婴儿的高级语言技能相关。讨论的重点是母亲心理健康和婴儿发育的发声标记。