Metrological services from National Metrology Institutes related to energy gases have been supported by the programme of key comparisons of the Gas Analysis Working Group of the Consultative Committee for Amount of Substance: Metrology in Chemistry and Biology since its conception in 1993. Most of the key comparisons have been performed on natural gas composition measurement, which is key to the calculation of natural gas properties, thereby facilitating fiscal metering and the trade in natural gas. In the recent years, non-conventional energy gases and natural gas substitutes, such as refinery gas and biogas have been addressed. The paper gives an overview over the achievements in this area from the first key comparison (CCQM-K1) onward and outlines the current challenges to the metrological community. The ongoing energy transition towards renewable energy gases is at the centre of these challenges. The associated emerging challenges primarily concern the measurement of the concentrations of impurities, such as silicon in biomethane and upgraded biogas, carbon monoxide in hydrogen, and many others. The paper presents the first results of the development of measurement standards and methods for impurities in biogas, biomethane and hydrogen and the implications for the programme of key comparisons.

中文翻译：

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含能气体计量学的进展和新兴需求

国家计量院与能源气体相关的计量服务，自1993年成立以来，一直得到物质含量咨询委员会气体分析工作组重点比较项目的支持：化学与生物计量。 大部分重点比较项目已经进行了天然气成分测量，这是计算天然气属性的关键，从而促进了财政计量和天然气贸易。近年来，非常规能源气体和天然气替代品，如炼厂气和沼气得到了解决。本文概述了从第一次关键比较 (CCQM-K1) 开始在该领域取得的成就，并概述了计量界当前面临的挑战。向可再生能源气体的持续能源转型是这些挑战的核心。相关的新兴挑战主要涉及杂质浓度的测量，例如生物甲烷和提纯沼气中的硅、氢气中的一氧化碳等。本文介绍了制定沼气、生物甲烷和氢气中杂质的测量标准和方法的初步结果，以及对关键比较程序的影响。