Open geospatial data and tools are an increasingly important paradigm offering the opportunity to promote the democratization of geographical information, the transparency of governments and institutions, as well as social, economic and environmental opportunities. During the past decade, developments in the area of open geospatial data and open-source geospatial software have greatly improved. Many parts of the research community believe that combining free and open software, open data, as well as open standards, leads to the creation of a sustainable ecosystem to accelerate new discoveries to help solve global cross-disciplinary societal challenges, from climate change mitigation to sustainable cities. The consistent prevalence of open source GIS studies motivated this thematic collection. The contributions are divided into two main categories. In the first category, seven concrete studies on open-source tools and technologies for urban and environmental studies are briefly presented. Each one has been implemented for and applied to a certain use case, and at the same time it may be applied to other use cases due to the reproducibility nature of open source software. The second category presents and discusses the usability of open source geospatial solutions for laser scanning technology and its applications.

中文翻译：

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用于城市和环境研究的开源地理空间工具和技术

开放的地理空间数据和工具是一种日益重要的范式，它为促进地理信息的民主化、政府和机构的透明度以及社会、经济和环境机会提供了机会。在过去的十年中，开放地理空间数据和开源地理空间软件领域的发展有了很大的进步。研究界的许多部分认为，将自由和开放的软件、开放数据以及开放标准相结合，可以创建一个可持续的生态系统，以加速新的发现，帮助解决全球跨学科的社会挑战，从减缓气候变化到可持续城市。开源 GIS 研究的持续流行推动了这个主题集合。贡献分为两大类。在第一类中，简要介绍了有关用于城市和环境研究的开源工具和技术的七项具体研究。每一个都被实现并应用于某个用例，同时由于开源软件的可再现性，它可能被应用于其他用例。第二类介绍并讨论用于激光扫描技术及其应用的开源地理空间解决方案的可用性。