Modern dentistry is directed toward overcoming dental caries progression in the early stages with the aid of remineralizing agents. Long-established remineralizing agents have very slow kinetics to be applicable, and the need for an external cofactor is a must. In the present work, the authors improved the kinetics of dentin/enamel remineralization by magnetic field exposure whereby calcium (Ca²⁺) and phosphate (PO₄ ³⁻) elements are supplied from an external source. Gels made of casein phosphopeptide–amorphous calcium phosphate mixed with nanochitosan were used as an external source and combined with exposure of the tooth surface to a magnetic field of 1.8 mT for 20 min. The treated tooth samples were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, Vickers microhardness test and X-ray diffraction. The obtained tooth characteristics confirmed the improvement of tooth surface integrity, mineralization, hardness and crystallinity under the application of the magnetic field. Unexpectedly, the results indicated the highest tooth surface remineralization for samples exposed to magnetic fields and treated with casein phosphopeptide–amorphous calcium phosphate gel only without nanochitosan. In conclusion, the resulting advantages here are the ease of use, safety and applicability of this novel combination of casein phosphopeptide–amorphous calcium phosphate gel with magnetic field exposure.

中文翻译：

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通过磁场暴露增强牙齿表面再矿化的新方法

现代牙科旨在借助矿化剂来克服龋齿的早期发展。长期存在的矿化剂的动力学非常缓慢，必须使用外部辅因子。在目前的工作中，作者通过磁场暴露改善了牙本质/牙釉质再矿化的动力学，其中钙（Ca ²⁺）和磷酸盐（PO ₄ ^3-）元素是从外部来源提供的。将酪蛋白磷酸肽-无定形磷酸钙与纳米壳聚糖混合制成的凝胶用作外部来源，并结合牙齿表面在1.8 mT的磁场中作用20分钟。通过扫描电子显微镜，能量色散X射线光谱，维氏显微硬度测试和X射线衍射对经过处理的牙齿样品进行表征。所获得的牙齿特性证实了在磁场的作用下牙齿表面完整性，矿化，硬度和结晶度的改善。出乎意料的是，结果表明，暴露于磁场并仅使用酪蛋白磷酸肽-无定形磷酸钙凝胶（仅不含纳米壳聚糖）处理的样品，牙齿表面的再矿化度最高。结论，