This article presents a real-time non-probabilistic approach to detect load-redistribution (LR) attacks, which attempt to cause an overflow, in smart grids. Prior studies have shown that certain LR attacks can bypass traditional bad data detectors and remain undetectable, which implies that the presence of a reliable and intelligent detection mechanism is imperative. Therefore, in this study a detection mechanism is proposed based on the fundamental knowledge of the physics laws in electric grids. To do so, we leverage power systems domain insight to identify an underlying exploitable structure for the core problem of LR attacks, which enables the prediction of the attackers’ behavior. Then, a fast greedy algorithm is presented to find the best attack vector and identify the most sensitive buses for critical transmission assets. Finally, a security index, which can be used in practice with minimal disruptions, is developed for each critical asset with respect to the identified best attack vector and sensitive buses. The proposed approach is applied to 2383-bus Polish test system to demonstrate the scalability and efficiency of the proposed algorithm.

中文翻译：

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智能电网中负载分担攻击的检测机制

本文提出了一种实时的非概率方法，用于检测智能电网中的负载重分配（LR）攻击，这些攻击试图引起溢出。先前的研究表明，某些LR攻击可以绕过传统的错误数据检测器，并且仍然无法检测到，这意味着必须有可靠而智能的检测机制。因此，在这项研究中，基于电网物理定律的基础知识，提出了一种检测机制。为此，我们利用电力系统领域的洞察力为LR攻击的核心问题识别潜在的可利用结构，从而可以预测攻击者的行为。然后，提出了一种快速贪婪算法，以找到最佳的攻击向量并为关键的传输资产识别出最敏感的总线。最后，针对识别出的最佳攻击媒介和敏感总线，为每项关键资产制定了一个安全指标，可以在实践中以最小的中断使用。将所提出的方法应用于2383总线波兰语测试系统，以证明所提出算法的可扩展性和效率。