High-performance wireless communication is crucial to the digital transformation of industrial systems, which is driven by Industry 4.0 and Industrial Internet initiatives. Among the candidate industrial wireless technologies, 5G (cellular/mobile) holds significant potential. The operation of private (nonpublic) 5G networks in industrial environments is promising to fully unleash this potential. This article provides a technical overview of private 5G networks. It introduces the concept and functional architecture of private 5G while highlighting key benefits and industrial use cases. It explores spectrum opportunities for private 5G networks and discusses design aspects of private 5G along with key challenges. Finally, it examines the emerging standardization and open innovation ecosystem for private 5G.

中文翻译：

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私有5G：工业无线的未来

高性能无线通信对于由工业4.0和工业互联网计划推动的工业系统数字化转型至关重要。在候选的工业无线技术中，5G（蜂窝/移动）具有巨大的潜力。私有（非公共）5G网络在工业环境中的运行有望充分释放这种潜力。本文提供了专用5G网络的技术概述。它介绍了私有5G的概念和功能架构，同时重点介绍了其主要优势和工业用例。它探索了专用5G网络的频谱机会，并讨论了专用5G的设计方面以及主要挑战。最后，它研究了针对私有5G的新兴标准化和开放创新生态系统。