Cascading failure inevitably emerges in complex power grids that can cause enormous economic losses. Over the past few decades, a great deal of effort has been devoted to failure cascade modeling, with the aim of understanding and preventing this complex process. Significant achievements include reproducing the uneven cascade propagation profiles and the power-law distribution of the size of the cascades. At the same time, power grids keep evolving, as driven by technology advancements and practical needs. Wide deployment of information technologies and high penetration of power electronics devices are two important features of future grids. These developments have profound influences on the cascading failure characteristics in future grids, which cannot be well addressed by existing models. In this tutorial, we provide an overview of the state-of-art approaches in studying cascading failure and discuss the strengths and weaknesses of these methods. The explicit changes brought by the new features to the failure cascade processes are analyzed and the limitations of existing approaches are identified. Challenges in the modeling and analysis of cascading failure and possible research directions targeting the future power grids in the next research phase are presented.

中文翻译：

---

未来电网连锁故障建模与分析教程

复杂电网中不可避免地会出现连锁故障，造成巨大的经济损失。在过去的几十年里，大量的努力致力于故障级联建模，目的是理解和防止这个复杂的过程。重大成就包括再现不均匀的级联传播曲线和级联大小的幂律分布。与此同时，在技术进步和实际需求的推动下，电网也在不断发展。信息技术的广泛应用和电力电子设备的高渗透是未来电网的两个重要特征。这些发展对未来电网中的级联故障特征产生了深远的影响，现有模型无法很好地解决这些问题。在本教程中，我们概述了研究级联故障的最新方法，并讨论了这些方法的优缺点。分析了新功能给故障级联过程带来的显着变化，并确定了现有方法的局限性。介绍了级联故障建模和分析中的挑战，以及下一研究阶段针对未来电网的可能研究方向。