Potential-induced degradation (PID) is an unsolved and major power degradation mechanism that affects photovoltaic (PV) cells, and the tendency to increase the operating voltage of PV systems will render it worse, affecting their reliability. A method, which can detect PID at an early stage, can alleviate reliability issues, safeguarding high energy output. The measurement of the forward dc resistance (FDCR) provides promising results for the early PID detection (<2% power loss). The FDCR method is tested on single-cell and multi-cell PV modules and it is the pathway for the development of a detection method at the system level. This work examines the effect of PID degradation rate and temperature on the detection sensitivity (electrical behavior) of the FDCR method. Additionally, the effect of temperature (temperature behavior) on the FDCR as PID progresses is studied. The electrical behavior demonstrates that the detection sensitivity is robust to PID degradation rate and temperature and that the degradation rate is not related to the initial shunt resistance of the PV cell. The temperature behavior indicates that the temperature coefficient of the FDCR is initially negative and increases toward more positive values as PID progresses. Furthermore, the electrical variation of the FDCR with PID progression is much higher (74%) than the variation of the FDCR due to temperature (19%) and this favors PID detection.

中文翻译：

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晶体硅光伏电池和模块中具有潜在诱导退化的分流型正向直流电阻的电气和温度行为

电位引起的退化 (PID) 是影响光伏 (PV) 电池的一种尚未解决的主要功率退化机制，光伏系统工作电压增加的趋势会使其恶化，影响其可靠性。一种可以在早期检测 PID 的方法可以缓解可靠性问题，保障高能量输出。正向直流电阻 (FDCR) 的测量为早期 PID 检测提供了有希望的结果（<2% 功率损耗）。FDCR 方法在单节和多节光伏组件上进行测试，它是开发系统级检测方法的途径。这项工作检查了 PID 退化率和温度对 FDCR 方法的检测灵敏度（电气行为）的影响。此外，随着 PID 的进展，研究了温度（温度行为）对 FDCR 的影响。电气行为表明检测灵敏度对 PID 退化率和温度具有鲁棒性，并且退化率与 PV 电池的初始分流电阻无关。温度行为表明 FDCR 的温度系数最初为负值，并随着 PID 的进展向更正值增加。此外，FDCR 随 PID 进程的电气变化 (74%) 远高于 FDCR 随温度的变化 (19%)，这有利于 PID 检测。电气行为表明检测灵敏度对 PID 退化率和温度具有鲁棒性，并且退化率与 PV 电池的初始分流电阻无关。温度行为表明 FDCR 的温度系数最初为负值，并随着 PID 的进展向更正值增加。此外，FDCR 随 PID 进程的电气变化 (74%) 远高于 FDCR 随温度的变化 (19%)，这有利于 PID 检测。电气行为表明检测灵敏度对 PID 退化率和温度具有鲁棒性，并且退化率与 PV 电池的初始分流电阻无关。温度行为表明 FDCR 的温度系数最初为负值，并随着 PID 的进展向更正值增加。此外，FDCR 随 PID 进程的电气变化 (74%) 远高于 FDCR 随温度的变化 (19%)，这有利于 PID 检测。