There are several sensors available in the market to measure the plane-of-array irradiance for photovoltaic applications. The prices of these sensors vary according to the design, calibration procedure, and conducted characterization. In this article, two types of silicon-based sensors with and without temperature correction capabilities are compared with a high-accuracy thermopile pyranometer to check their performance. The obtained results showed that silicon-based sensors deviate from the output of the pyranometers. The tested silicon-based pyranometers overestimate the irradiance with the median bias deviations of around 1.43% (with the average measured irradiance of 256 W/m2). For temperature-corrected silicon pyranometer, the bias deviation is 0.07% with the deviation range of −6.5%–10% (with the average measured irradiance of 257 W/m2). A working-class reference cell was also tested, resulting in a bias deviation of −1.74% and the deviation range of −13%–7% (with the average measured irradiance of 304 W/m2). The effect of air mass on the performance of cost-effective sensors was additionally analyzed. Within the measurement time window, the result also showed that for the silicon-based sensors under tests, the effects of the environmental conditions have the following qualitative order of influence: angle of incidence > red-shift > temperature. The performance of silicon-based sensors also showed seasonal dependence, being more accurate during summertime and wintertime, respectively, for the silicon pyranometer and the working-class reference cell. Finally, using the statistical evaluation, simple linear correction functions are introduced for silicon-based sensors.

中文翻译：

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硅基辐照度传感器与热电堆总辐射表的性能评估

市场上有多种传感器可用于测量光伏应用的阵列平面辐照度。这些传感器的价格因设计、校准程序和传导特性而异。在本文中，将具有和不具有温度校正功能的两种硅基传感器与高精度热电堆总辐射表进行比较，以检查它们的性能。获得的结果表明，硅基传感器偏离了总辐射表的输出。测试的硅基总辐射表高估了辐照度，中值偏差约为 1.43%（平均测量辐照度为 256 W/m2）。对于温度校正的硅总辐射表，偏差偏差为 0.07%，偏差范围为 -6.5%–10%（平均测量辐照度为 257 W/m2）。还测试了一个工作级参考电池，导致偏差偏差为 -1.74%，偏差范围为 -13%–7%（平均测量辐照度为 304 W/m2）。另外还分析了空气质量对具有成本效益的传感器性能的影响。在测量时间窗口内，结果还表明，对于被测硅基传感器，环境条件的影响具有以下定性影响顺序：入射角>红移>温度。硅基传感器的性能也表现出季节性依赖性，对于硅总辐射表和工作级参考电池，在夏季和冬季分别更准确。最后，使用统计评估，为硅基传感器引入了简单的线性校正函数。