Fault detection and repair of the components of photovoltaic (PV) systems are essential to avoid economic losses and facility accidents, thereby ensuring reliable and safe systems. This article presents a method to detect faults in a PV system based on power ratio (PR), voltage ratio (VR), and current ratio (IR). The lower control limit (LCL) and upper control limit (UCL) of each ratio were defined using the data of a test site system under normal operating conditions. If PR exceeded the set range, the algorithm considered a fault. Subsequently, PR and IR were examined via the algorithm to diagnose faults in the system as series, parallel, or total faults. The results showed that PR exceeded the designated range between LCL (0.93) and UCL (1.02) by dropping to 0.91–0.68, 0.88–0.62, and 0.66–0.33 for series, total, and parallel faults, respectively. Moreover, VR exceeded the LCL (0.99) and UCL (1.01) by 0.95–0.69 and 0.91–0.62 for series and total faults, respectively, but not under parallel faults condition. IR did not change in series and total faults but exceeded the range of LCL (0.93) and UCL (1.05) by dropping to 0.66–0.33. Thus, faults in PV systems can be detected and diagnosed by analyzing quantitative output values.

中文翻译：

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使用具有电气和环境变量的多变量分析的光伏系统故障检测

光伏（PV）系统组件的故障检测和修复对于避免经济损失和设施事故至关重要，从而确保系统可靠和安全。本文提出了一种基于功率比 (PR)、电压比 (VR) 和电流比 (IR) 检测光伏系统故障的方法。每个比率的控制下限 (LCL) 和控制上限 (UCL) 是使用正常操作条件下的测试现场系统的数据定义的。如果 PR 超出设定范围，则算法认为故障。随后，通过算法检查 PR 和 IR，将系统中的故障诊断为串联、并联或总故障。结果表明，串联故障、总故障和并联故障的 PR 分别降至 0.91–0.68、0.88–0.62 和 0.66–0.33，从而超出了 LCL (0.93) 和 UCL (1.02) 之间的指定范围。此外，对于串联故障和总故障，VR 分别超过 LCL (0.99) 和 UCL (1.01) 0.95-0.69 和 0.91-0.62，但在并联故障条件下则不然。IR 在串联故障和总故障中没有变化，但下降到 0.66-0.33，超出了 LCL (0.93) 和 UCL (1.05) 的范围。因此，可以通过分析定量输出值来检测和诊断光伏系统中的故障。