Mycotoxin contamination in feedstuffs is a worldwide problem that causes serious health issues both in humans and animals, and it contributes to serious economic losses. Deoxynivalenol (DON) and T-2 toxin (T-2) are major trichothecene mycotoxins and are known to challenge mainly intestinal barrier functions. Polyphenolic rosmarinic acid (RA) appeared to have antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties in vitro. The aim of this study was to investigate protective effects of RA against DON and T-2 or combined mycotoxin-induced intestinal damage in nontumorigenic porcine cell line, IPEC-J2. It was ascertained that simultaneous treatment of DON and T-2 (DT2: ) for 48 h and 72 h reduced transepithelial electrical resistance of cell monolayer, which was restored by 50 μmol/L RA application. It was also found that DT2 for 48 h and 72 h could induce oxidative stress and elevate interleukin-6 (IL-6) and interleukin-8 (IL-8) levels significantly, which were alleviated by the administration of RA. DT2 administration contributed to the redistribution of claudin-1; however, occludin membranous localization was not altered by combined mycotoxin treatment. In conclusion, beneficial effect of RA was exerted on DT2-deteriorated cell monolayer integrity and on the perturbated redox status of IPEC-J2 cells.

中文翻译：

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迷迭香酸对暴露于脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇和 T-2 毒素组合的 IPEC-J2 细胞的有益作用

饲料中的霉菌毒素污染是一个世界性问题，会导致人类和动物的严重健康问题，并造成严重的经济损失。脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇 (DON) 和 T-2 毒素 (T-2) 是主要的单端孢霉烯真菌毒素，已知主要挑战肠道屏障功能。多酚迷迭香酸 (RA)在体外似乎具有抗氧化和抗炎特性。本研究的目的是在非致瘤猪细胞系 IPEC-J2 中研究 RA 对 DON 和 T-2 或联合霉菌毒素诱导的肠道损伤的保护作用。确定同时治疗 DON 和 T-2 (DT2:) 48 小时和 72 小时降低细胞单层的跨上皮电阻，通过 50 μ mol/L RA 应用恢复 。还发现 48 小时和 72 小时的 DT2 可诱导氧化应激并显着提高白介素 6 (IL-6) 和白介素 8 (IL-8) 的水平，这在 RA 给药后得到缓解。DT2 管理有助于 claudin-1 的重新分布；然而，occludin 的膜定位并没有被霉菌毒素联合处理改变。总之，RA 对 DT2 恶化的细胞单层完整性和 IPEC-J2 细胞的扰动氧化还原状态发挥了有益作用。