Abstract

To increase the safety of interplanetary missions, it is necessary to have estimates of the meteor hazard along the flight trajectory. Meteoroid particles of known meteor showers that cross the ecliptic plane at a distance of 1 AU from the Sun are observed as “shooting stars” in the Earth’s atmosphere. However, such meteor streams are principally not observable in interplanetary space. The existence of some meteor streams can be predicted using periodic comets as indicators. During their evolution, cometary nuclei expel meteoritic particles, which remain in the parent orbit for millennia. Thus, the orbits of comets can be considered coinciding with the orbits of young meteor streams produced by the decay of cometary nuclei. We have calculated the coordinates of the regions of intersection of known periodic comets with the ecliptic plane, which are considered as regions of increased meteor hazard. Old meteoroid streams originating from totally decayed comets may be tens and hundreds of times more numerous than young streams. All of them are potential sources of direct meteor collisions with space probes. To assess the risk of interplanetary missions, the planned flight trajectory of FOBOS-GRUNT is compared with the regions of expected meteor streams, and the dates of the most dangerous encounters are given.

中文翻译：

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黄道平面内行星际飞行的流星危害

摘要

为了提高星际飞行任务的安全性，有必要对沿飞行轨迹的流星危害进行估算。在距太阳1 AU的距离上越过黄道平面的已知流星雨的流星体颗粒被视为地球大气中的“流星”。但是，这种流星流在星际空间中基本上是不可观察的。可以使用周期性彗星作为指标来预测某些流星流的存在。在它们的进化过程中，彗核排出了陨石粒子，这些粒子在母体轨道中保留了数千年。因此，可以认为彗星的轨道与由彗核衰变产生的年轻流星的轨道重合。我们已经计算出已知周期彗星与黄道平面相交区域的坐标，被认为是流星危害增加的区域。源于完全腐烂的彗星的旧流星体的数量可能是年轻流星体的数十和数百倍。它们都是与空间探测器直接流星碰撞的潜在来源。为了评估行星际飞行任务的风险，将FOBOS-GRUNT的计划飞行轨迹与预期的流星流区域进行了比较，并给出了最危险的相遇日期。