Species can occupy different realised niches when sharing the space with other congeneric species or when living in allopatry. Ecological niche models are powerful tools to analyse species niches and their changes over time and space. Analysing how species’ realised niches shift is paramount in ecology. Here, we examine the ecological realised niche of three species of wall lizards in six study areas: three areas where each species occurs alone; and three areas where they occur together in pairs. We compared the species’ realised niches and how they vary depending on species’ coexistence, by quantifying niche overlap between pairs of species or populations with the R package ecospat. For this, we considered three environmental variables (temperature, humidity, and wind speed) recorded at each lizard re-sighting location. Realised niches were very similar when comparing syntopic species occurring in the same study area. However, realised niches differed when comparing conspecific populations across areas. In each of the three areas of syntopy, the less abundant species shift its realised niche. Our study demonstrates that sympatry may shift species’ realised niche.

中文翻译：

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蜥蜴中已实现生态位的局部隔离

当与其他同类物种共享空间或生活在异隐之中时，物种可以占据不同的已实现生态位。生态位模型是分析物种生态位及其随时间和空间变化的强大工具。分析物种如何实现生态位转移在生态学中至关重要。在这里，我们在六个研究区域中研究了三种壁蜥的生态实现生态位：三个区域中每种物种单独发生；以及它们成对出现的三个区域。通过使用R软件包ecospat量化物种对或种群对之间的生态位重叠，我们比较了物种的已实现生态位以及它们根据物种共存而变化的方式。为此，我们考虑了在每个蜥蜴视察地点记录的三个环境变量（温度，湿度和风速）。当比较同一研究区域中出现的对立物种时，已实现的生态位非常相似。但是，在比较不同地区的同种种群时，已实现的生态位有所不同。在同构的三个区域的每个区域中，数量较少的物种转移了其已实现的生态位。我们的研究表明，共生可能会改变物种的已实现生态位。