Abstract

Hydrometallurgical approaches have been successfully employed for metal separation and recovery from various types of waste materials. Therefore, hydrometallurgy is a promising technology for metal recovery and the removal of potentially toxic heavy metals found in industrial sludge. However, a comprehensive review that focuses on the heavy metal recovery from industrial sludge using hydrometallurgical approaches has not been conducted in the recent past. The present review discusses the capacity of hydrometallurgical techniques in recovering heavy metals sourced from different types of industrial sludges, highlighting recent scientific findings. Hydrometallurgical approaches primarily consist of three process stages: metal dissolution, concentration and purification, and metal recovery. The chemical characteristics of industrial sludge, including the type, concentration and speciation of heavy metals, directly impact selection of the best recovery method. Solvent extraction, ion-exchange, and adsorption are the major techniques employed in concentration and purification, whereas electrodeposition and precipitation are the main methods used in metals recovery. Future research should focus on the development of more efficient and environmentally-friendly methods for metal dissolution from industrial sludges contaminated with multiple metals, while increasing selectivity and energy use efficiency in the concentration and purification, and recovery steps.

摘要

湿法冶金方法已成功用于从各种类型的废料中分离和回收金属。因此，湿法冶金是一种很有前景的金属回收技术和去除工业污泥中潜在有毒重金属的技术。然而，最近还没有进行全面的审查，重点是使用湿法冶金方法从工业污泥中回收重金属。本综述讨论了湿法冶金技术从不同类型的工业污泥中回收重金属的能力，重点介绍了最近的科学发现。湿法冶金方法主要包括三个工艺阶段：金属溶解、浓缩和提纯以及金属回收。工业污泥的化学特性，包括重金属的种类、浓度和形态，直接影响最佳回收方法的选择。溶剂萃取、离子交换和吸附是浓缩和提纯的主要技术，而电沉积和沉淀是金属回收的主要方法。未来的研究应侧重于开发更有效、更环保的方法，从被多种金属污染的工业污泥中溶解金属，同时提高浓缩、纯化和回收步骤的选择性和能源利用效率。而电沉积和沉淀是金属回收的主要方法。未来的研究应侧重于开发更有效、更环保的方法，从被多种金属污染的工业污泥中溶解金属，同时提高浓缩、纯化和回收步骤的选择性和能源利用效率。而电沉积和沉淀是金属回收的主要方法。未来的研究应侧重于开发更有效、更环保的方法，从被多种金属污染的工业污泥中溶解金属，同时提高浓缩、纯化和回收步骤的选择性和能源利用效率。