Once extirpated from much of their North American range, temperate‐breeding Canada geese (Branta canadensis maxima) have reached high abundance. As a result, focus has shifted from restoration to managing harvest and addressing human‐goose conflict. Conflict persists or is increasing in urban areas throughout the Mississippi Flyway. Managers need more information regarding demographic rates to determine how hunting affects geese breeding in urban areas and what management actions may be required to achieve management goals. We estimated survival, dead recovery, live recapture, and fidelity probabilities using data from 77,872 Canada geese banded in Iowa, USA, during 1999–2019 using Burnham joint live‐dead band recovery models. Factors predicted to affect parameters in candidate models included age (juvenile, subadult, adult), banding site (urban, rural), time, trend, harvest regulation index, and winter severity index. We predicted Canada geese banded in urban areas would have higher survival and lower dead recovery rates than geese banded at rural sites. The top model indicated support for age and banding site effects, and trends in survival and recovery rate (Brownie parameterization). Adult survival was similar for urban (0.75; range = 0.60–0.92) and rural (0.75; range = 0.66–0.82) geese and relatively constant across years. Mean juvenile survival was lower in urban (0.74; range = 0.48–0.93) than rural (0.85; range = 0.68–0.92) areas. Survival increased for urban‐banded juveniles and recovery rates increased during liberalization of harvest regulations and decreased after regulations stabilized. Recovery rates of subadults increased for the urban and rural groups. Our results suggest Canada geese breeding in urban areas contribute to harvest and specialized regulations can affect these populations. Harvest regulations in place during our analysis may not have reached a threshold required to observe substantial changes in survival. Current human‐goose conflict in urban areas suggests survival has not decreased to a level required to completely address conflict via reduction in goose abundance. Managers may consider additional liberalization of harvest regulations and monitoring via banding to determine to what degree hunter harvest contributes to reducing human‐goose conflict and what additional management actions will be required to achieve goals. © 2020 The Wildlife Society.

中文翻译：

---

美国爱荷华州城市和农村地区的加拿大鹅存活率和恢复率

温带繁殖的加拿大鹅（北美黑雁）一旦从北美大部分地区灭绝）已达到很高的水平。结果，重点已从恢复转移到管理收成和解决人与人之间的冲突。在密西西比州的整个飞行路线中，冲突持续存在或正在加剧。管理人员需要有关人口统计信息的更多信息，以确定狩猎如何影响城市地区的鹅繁殖以及实现管理目标可能需要采取哪些管理措施。我们使用伯纳姆联合活死带恢复模型，使用1999-2019年间在美国爱荷华州成群结队的77,872只加拿大鹅的数据，估计了存活率，死恢复率，活体捕获率和保真率。预测会影响候选模型参数的因素包括年龄（青少年，亚成人，成人），条带化地点（城市，农村），时间，趋势，收获调节指数和冬季严峻性指数。我们预测，与农村地区的加拿大鹅相比，城市地区的加拿大鹅具有更高的存活率和更低的死恢复率。最高模型表明了对年龄和条带位点效应的支持，以及生存率和恢复率的趋势（布朗尼参数化）。市区鹅（0.75；范围= 0.60–0.92）和乡村鹅（0.75；范围= 0.66–0.82）的成年存活率相似，并且多年间相对稳定。城市地区（0.74；范围= 0.48–0.93）的青少年平均生存率低于农村地区（0.85；范围= 0.68–0.92）的青少年生存率。放宽捕捞法规期间，城市范围少年的生存率提高了，恢复率提高了，而法规稳定后，恢复率降低了。城乡群体的亚成人恢复率有所提高。我们的结果表明，加拿大鹅在城市地区的繁殖有助于收获，专门的法规可能会影响这些种群。在我们的分析过程中，现行的采伐规定可能尚未达到观察存活率大幅变化所需的阈值。当前城市地区的人为鹅冲突表明生存率尚未降低到通过减少鹅的丰度完全解决冲突所需的水平。管理者可以考虑进一步放宽对捕捞法规的监管，并通过分组来进行监控，以确定猎人的采伐在多大程度上有助于减少人与鹅的冲突，以及实现目标需要采取哪些额外的管理措施。©2020野生动物协会。在我们的分析过程中，现行的采伐规定可能尚未达到观察存活率大幅变化所需的阈值。当前城市地区的人为鹅冲突表明生存率尚未降低到通过减少鹅的丰度完全解决冲突所需的水平。管理者可以考虑进一步放宽对捕捞法规的监管，并通过分组来进行监控，以确定猎人的采伐在多大程度上有助于减少人与鹅的冲突，以及实现目标需要采取哪些额外的管理措施。©2020野生动物协会。在我们的分析过程中，现行的采伐规定可能尚未达到观察存活率大幅变化所需的阈值。当前城市地区的人为鹅冲突表明生存率尚未降低到通过减少鹅的丰度完全解决冲突所需的水平。管理者可以考虑进一步放宽对捕捞法规的监管，并通过分组来进行监控，以确定猎人的采伐在多大程度上有助于减少人与鹅的冲突，以及实现目标需要采取哪些额外的管理措施。©2020野生动物协会。管理者可以考虑进一步放宽对捕捞法规的监管，并通过分组来进行监控，以确定猎人的采伐对减少人与人之间的冲突有多大作用，以及实现目标需要采取哪些额外的管理措施。©2020野生动物协会。管理者可以考虑进一步放宽对捕捞法规的监管，并通过分拆进行监控，以确定猎人的采伐对减少人与人之间的冲突有多大作用，以及实现目标需要采取哪些额外的管理措施。©2020野生动物协会。