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An Extremely Elongated Cloud Over Arsia Mons Volcano on Mars: I. Life Cycle
Journal of Geophysical Research: Planets ( IF 4.8 ) Pub Date : 2020-12-20 , DOI: 10.1029/2020je006517
J. Hernández‐Bernal 1, 2 , A. Sánchez‐Lavega 1 , T. del Río‐Gaztelurrutia 1 , E. Ravanis 3 , A. Cardesín‐Moinelo 3, 4 , K. Connour 5 , D. Tirsch 6 , I. Ordóñez‐Etxeberria 1 , B. Gondet 7 , S. Wood 8 , D. Titov 9 , N. M. Schneider 5 , R. Hueso 1 , R. Jaumann 10 , E. Hauber 6
Affiliation  

We report a previously unnoticed annually repeating phenomenon consisting of the daily formation of an extremely elongated cloud extending as far as 1,800 km westward from Arsia Mons. It takes place in the solar longitude (Ls) range of ∼220°–320°, around the Southern solstice. We study this Arsia Mons Elongated Cloud (AMEC) using images from different orbiters, including ESA Mars Express, NASA MAVEN, Viking 2, MRO, and ISRO Mars Orbiter Mission (MOM). We study the AMEC in detail in Martian year (MY) 34 in terms of local time and Ls and find that it exhibits a very rapid daily cycle: the cloud growth starts before sunrise on the western slope of the volcano, followed by a westward expansion that lasts 2.5 h with a velocity of around 170 m/s in the mesosphere (∼45 km over the areoid). The cloud formation then ceases, detaches from its formation point, and continues moving westward until it evaporates before the afternoon, when most sun‐synchronous orbiters make observations. Moreover, we comparatively study observations from different years (i.e., MYs 29–34) in search of interannual variations and find that in MY33 the cloud exhibits lower activity, while in MY34 the beginning of its formation was delayed compared with other years, most likely due to the Global Dust Storm. This phenomenon takes place in a season known for the general lack of clouds on Mars. In this paper we focus on observations, and a theoretical interpretation will be the subject of a separate paper.

中文翻译:

火星上的Arsia Mons火山上的极度伸长的云层:I.生命周期

我们报告了一个以前未曾注意到的年度重复现象,该现象包括每天形成一个极长的云,该云从Arsia Mons向西延伸1800公里。它发生在南半球附近的太阳经度(Ls)〜220°–320°范围内。我们使用来自不同轨道器的图像,包括ESA火星快车,NASA MAVEN,Viking 2,MRO和ISRO火星轨道飞行器(MOM),研究了Arsia Mons伸长云(AMEC)。我们根据当地时间和Ls对火星年(MY)34进行了详细研究,发现AMEC的日循环非常快:在火山西坡日出之前,云开始生长,然后向西扩展在中层持续约2.5小时,速度约170 m / s(在类圆体上约45 km)。然后云层停止了,从它的编队点脱离,并继续向西移动,直到下午之前大部分太阳同步轨道观测者观测到它蒸发为止。此外,我们比较研究了不同年份(即29-34年)的观测值以寻找年际变化,发现在MY33中云的活动性较低,而在MY34中,云的形成与其他年份相比被推迟了,这很可能是由于由于全球沙尘暴。这种现象发生在火星普遍缺乏云而闻名的季节。在本文中,我们将重点放在观察上,并且理论解释将成为另一篇论文的主题。我们比较研究了不同年份(即29-34年)的观测值以寻找年际变化,发现在MY33中,云的活动性较低,而在MY34中,云的形成与其他年份相比被推迟了,这很可能是由于全球沙尘暴。这种现象发生在火星普遍缺乏云而闻名的季节。在本文中,我们将重点放在观察上,并且理论解释将成为另一篇论文的主题。我们比较研究了不同年份(即29-34年)的观测值以寻找年际变化,发现在MY33中,云的活动性较低,而在MY34中,云的形成与其他年份相比被推迟了,这很可能是由于全球沙尘暴。这种现象发生在火星普遍缺乏云而闻名的季节。在本文中,我们将重点放在观察上,并且理论解释将成为另一篇论文的主题。
更新日期:2020-12-20
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