Numerous efforts have been made to estimate the tsunami wave loads on structures, particularly box-shaped buildings (flat-roofed). As buildings have different types of roofs, insights into their respective wave flow mechanisms are important especially for the overtopping case. This study, therefore, focuses on the effect of roof types on tsunami-like waves impinging on a building. Through a series of wave flume experiments and numerical simulations, wave loads exerted on the front and back faces of a typical gabled-roof building were measured and compared with that of a box-shaped building. Results showed that the roof eaves caused the wave reflection and increased the upstream water depth, leading to an increment in maximum front face force up to 11% relative to the case of flat roof. Howbeit, less wave overtopping effect was demonstrated, thereby inducing a lower wave impact at the back of the building with a gabled roof. A ratio comprising the maximum flow depth and the story height of a building was then proposed, where the effect of gabled roof on the resulting maximum horizontal force was found to be insignificant to a ratio below 0.6. Finally, empirical equations to predict the maximum wave pressure on a building's front and back faces were formulated, which provide practical information for the design of a tsunami-resilient coastal building.

已经做出了许多努力来估计结构，特别是箱形建筑物（屋顶）上的海啸载荷。由于建筑物具有不同类型的屋顶，因此深入了解其各自的波浪流动机制尤其重要。因此，这项研究的重点是屋顶类型对撞击建筑物的海啸状波浪的影响。通过一系列波浪水槽实验和数值模拟，测量了施加在典型山形屋顶建筑物的正面和背面上的波浪载荷，并将其与箱形建筑物的波浪载荷进行了比较。结果表明，屋檐引起波浪反射并增加了上游水深，导致最大正面力相对于平屋顶情况增加了11％。但是，显示出较少的波过顶效应，从而在带有山形屋顶的建筑物背面产生较小的波浪冲击。然后提出了包括建筑物的最大流动深度和楼层高度的比率，其中发现山墙屋顶对所得最大水平力的影响对于小于0.6的比率无关紧要。最后，建立了可预测建筑物正面和背面的最大波浪压力的经验方程式，这些方程式可为设计具有抗海啸能力的沿海建筑提供实用信息。