Investigating historical gene flow in species complexes can indicate how environmental and reproductive barriers shape genome divergence during speciation. The processes influencing species diversification under environmental change remain one of the central focal points of evolutionary biology, particularly for marine organisms with high dispersal potential. We investigated genome‐wide divergence, introgression patterns and inferred demographic history between species pairs of all six extant rock lobster species (Jasus spp.), which have a long larval duration of up to two years and have populated continental shelf and seamount habitats around the globe at approximately 40^oS. Genetic differentiation patterns reflected geographic isolation and the environment (i.e. habitat structure). Eastern Pacific species (J. caveorum and J. frontalis) were geographically more distant and genetically more differentiated from the remaining four species. Species associated with continental shelf habitats shared a common ancestry, but are geographically distant from one another. Similarly, species associated with island/seamount habitats in the Atlantic and Indian Oceans shared a common ancestry, but are also geographically distant. Benthic temperature was the environmental variable that explained most of the genetic differentiation (F_ST), while controlling for the effects of geographic distance. Eastern Pacific species retained a signal of strict isolation following ancient migration, whereas species pairs from Australia and Africa, and seamounts in the Indian and Atlantic oceans, included events of introgression after secondary contact. Our results reveal important effects of habitat and demographic processes on the recent divergence of species within the genus Jasus, providing one of the first empirical studies of genome‐wide drivers of diversification that incorporates all extant species in a marine genus with long pelagic larval duration.

中文翻译：

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海洋物种综合体近期多样化的全球驱动力

调查物种复合物中的历史基因流可以表明环境和繁殖障碍如何在物种形成过程中影响基因组的差异。在环境变化下影响物种多样化的过程仍然是进化生物学的中心焦点之一，特别是对于具有高分散潜力的海洋生物而言。我们调查了所有六种现存的龙虾物种（Jasus spp。）的物种对之间的全基因组差异，基因渗入模式和推断的人口历史，这些物种的幼虫期长达两年，并在该大陆周围遍布大陆架和海山栖息地。地球仪在大约40 ^oS.遗传分化模式反映了地理隔离和环境（即栖息地结构）。东太平洋物种（J. Caveorum和J. frontalis）在地理上与其余四个物种之间的距离更远，遗传上也更加不同。与大陆架生境有关的物种有着共同的祖先，但在地理上却彼此远离。同样，与大西洋和印度洋的岛屿/海山栖息地相关的物种具有共同的血统，但在地理上也很远。底栖温度是解释大多数遗传差异的环境变量（F _ST），同时控制地理距离的影响。东太平洋物种在古老的迁徙之后仍保留了严格隔离的信号，而来自澳大利亚和非洲的物种对以及印度洋和大西洋的海山包括二次接触后的渗入事件。我们的结果揭示了栖息地和人口统计过程对Jasus属内物种最近的分化的重要影响，这是对全基因组范围内的多样化驱动因素进行的第一批实证研究之一，该研究将海洋中属中所有现存物种纳入了长上浮游幼虫期。