Long-term instrumental monitoring of open-vent volcanoes provides the necessary datasets to characterize volcanic activity and unravel its temporal changes. This is particularly important for active lava domes, which can undergo rapid transitions in behavior over the course of their eruption. Here, we analyzed seismic, acoustic infrasound and thermographic data collected between January 2018 and September 2020 to resolve volcanic processes taking place at the Santiaguito lava dome complex in Guatemala. During this period lava effusion filled the crater of the active Caliente lava dome. The extrusive activity was accompanied by small-to-moderate explosions, prolonged episodes of gas emissions, and occasional rockfalls. Automated algorithms were applied to identify seismic signals associated with different processes and to characterize the temporal evolution of activity. We identified ~70–250 tectonic events per week and detected signals associated with gas-and ash explosions occurring at a rate of ~70–100 events/week. Lava dome growth activity was accompanied by the emplacement of a lava flow along the eastern upper flank of Caliente and seismicity possibly due to the occurrence of rockfalls. We observed episodes of harmonic tremor in seismic and acoustic data associated with sustained gas emissions, estimated to originate at shallow depths of about 500–750 m below the crater. Data indicated that both the recurrence rate of tremor (~10–50 events/week) and its duration (~40–130 min/week) were slightly lower and shorter between January 2019 and March 2020 than in rest of the study period, despite minor variations in explosive activity. Finally, within a period of 11 weeks, between 18 January and 4 April 2018, we found 129 volcano tectonic earthquakes; we were able to locate 10 of them at depths between 1.3 and 2.3 km, ~1.5 km southwest of Caliente. This multi-parametric study provides valuable insights into geophysical signals and associated processes at Santiaguito, helping to resolve temporal occurrence of each event type during protracted effusive-explosive activity.

通风孔火山的长期仪器监测提供了必要的数据集，以表征火山活动并揭示其时间变化。这对于活跃的熔岩穹顶尤为重要，因为熔岩穹顶在喷发过程中会经历快速的行为转变。在这里，我们分析了2018年1月至2020年9月之间收集的地震，次声和热成像数据，以解决危地马拉Santiaguito熔岩穹顶复合体发生的火山过程。在此期间，熔岩积水充满了活跃的Caliente熔岩穹顶的火山口。挤压活动伴随着小到中等的爆炸，长时间的瓦斯涌出和偶发的落石。应用自动算法来识别与不同过程相关的地震信号，并表征活动的时间演变。我们每周确定约70–250个构造事件，并检测到与瓦斯和粉尘爆炸相关的信号，其发生频率为每周约70–100个事件。熔岩穹顶的生长活动伴随着沿Caliente东部上翼的熔岩流侵位和地震活动，可能是由于发生了落石。我们在与持续的气体排放有关的地震和声学数据中观察到了谐波震颤的发作，据估计，这些震颤起源于火山口下方约500–750 m的浅层深度。数据表明，尽管研究发现，2019年1月至2020年3月之间的震颤复发率（〜10–50事件/周）及其持续时间（〜40–130 min /周）略低于或短于研究期的其余部分爆炸活动的微小变化。最终，在2018年1月18日至4月4日的11周内，我们发现了129次火山构造地震; 我们能够找到其中10个，深度在Caliente西南约1.5 km至1.3 km之间。这项多参数研究为Santiaguito的地球物理信号和相关过程提供了有价值的见解，有助于解决长期的爆发性爆炸活动中每种事件类型的时间发生。我们发现了129次火山构造地震；我们能够找到其中10个，深度在Caliente西南约1.5 km至1.3 km之间。这项多参数研究为Santiaguito的地球物理信号和相关过程提供了有价值的见解，有助于解决长期的爆发性爆炸活动中每种事件类型的时间发生。我们发现了129次火山构造地震；我们能够找到其中10个，深度在Caliente西南约1.5 km至1.3 km之间。这项多参数研究为Santiaguito的地球物理信号和相关过程提供了有价值的见解，有助于解决长期的爆发性爆炸活动中每种事件类型的时间发生。