Variations in and control of soil total organic carbon (TOC), total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP) and their stoichiometric ratios (C:N, C:P and N:P) are critical in agricultural nutrient management. This study examined the scale-dependent effects of environmental factors on these soil properties under two contrasting land-use types (tea versus. bamboo) at plot scale (70 × 70 m) and landscape scale (2 × 2 km). Results showed that at both scales, the tea garden generally had higher TOC and nutrient concentrations and lower stoichiometric ratios than the bamboo forest, because of fertilizer and green manure applications in the tea garden. Influences of topography and soil texture on TOC, nutrients and stoichiometric ratios were scale-dependent. In the tea garden plot, as scale increased, influences of topography and soil texture on TOC, TN and C:N ratio increased, whereas their influence on TP, C:P ratio and N:P ratio decreased. Similar patterns were observed in the forest plot. At the landscape scale, the effects of influences of topography and soil texture on TOC and nutrients were not obvious. The spatial variations in TOC, nutrients and stoichiometric ratios were controlled by both topography and soil texture at the plot scale but were mainly influenced by soil texture at the landscape scale. The influences of topography and soil texture on TOC, nutrients and stoichiometric ratios were generally weaker at landscape than at plot scale. This study confirmed that the effect of scale must be considered when predicting the spatial variations in TOC and nutrients.

中文翻译：

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两种不同土地利用类型下环境因子对土壤有机碳，土壤养分和化学计量的尺度依赖性效应

土壤总有机碳（TOC），总氮（TN）和总磷（TP）及其化学计量比（C：N，C：P和N：P）的变化和控制对农业养分管理至关重要。这项研究在地块规模（70×70 m）和景观规模（2×2 km）下，在两种相反的土地利用类型（茶与竹）下，研究了环境因素对这些土壤特性的尺度依赖性影响。结果表明，由于在茶园中施用肥料和绿肥，因此在两个尺度上，茶园的总有机碳和养分含量均高于竹林，化学计量比也较低。地形和土壤质地对总有机碳，养分和化学计量比的影响与规模有关。在茶园中，随着比例的增加，地形和土壤质地对TOC的影响，TN和C：N比增加，而它们对TP，C：P比和N：P比的影响减小。在森林地块中观察到类似的模式。在景观尺度上，地形和土壤质地对TOC和养分的影响并不明显。TOC，养分和化学计量比的空间变化受地形和土壤质地在样地尺度上的控制，但主要受景观尺度上土壤质地的影响。地形地貌和土壤质地对总有机碳，养分和化学计量比的影响通常在景观上比在地块尺度上弱。这项研究证实，在预测TOC和养分的空间变化时，必须考虑规模效应。在森林地块中观察到类似的模式。在景观尺度上，地形和土壤质地对TOC和养分的影响并不明显。TOC，养分和化学计量比的空间变化受地形和土壤质地在样地尺度上的控制，但主要受景观尺度上土壤质地的影响。地形地貌和土壤质地对总有机碳，养分和化学计量比的影响通常在景观上比在地块尺度上弱。这项研究证实，在预测TOC和养分的空间变化时，必须考虑规模效应。在森林地块中观察到了类似的模式。在景观尺度上，地形和土壤质地对TOC和养分的影响并不明显。TOC，养分和化学计量比的空间变化受地形和土壤质地在样地尺度上的控制，但主要受景观尺度上土壤质地的影响。地形地貌和土壤质地对总有机碳，养分和化学计量比的影响通常在景观上比在地块尺度上弱。这项研究证实，在预测TOC和养分的空间变化时，必须考虑规模效应。在样地尺度上，养分和化学计量比受地形和土壤质地的控制，但在景观尺度上主要受土壤质地的影响。地形和土壤质地对土壤总有机碳，养分和化学计量比的影响通常在景观上比在地块尺度上弱。这项研究证实，在预测TOC和养分的空间变化时，必须考虑规模效应。在样地尺度上，养分和化学计量比受地形和土壤质地的控制，但在景观尺度上主要受土壤质地的影响。地形地貌和土壤质地对总有机碳，养分和化学计量比的影响通常在景观上比在地块尺度上弱。这项研究证实，在预测TOC和养分的空间变化时，必须考虑规模效应。