This paper aims to investigate the dynamic plastic behavior of single and nested circular rings traditionally used as energy absorbers. The response characteristics of these structures are experimentally and numerically determined when they are subjected to high rate lateral impacts. It should be emphasized that a gas gun is employed in order to conduct experimental tests in which a load cell is utilized to measure the force-time response at the distal end. Furthermore, the finite element software LS-Dyna is employed to obtain numerical results in which the Johnson-Cook constitutive equation is used to take into account the strain rate and hardening effects. It is revealed that employed single rings as energy absorbers are absorbing input energies while transmitting small amounts of forces particularly peak loads to protected specimens or occupants. Moreover, it is determined that circular rings having smaller thicknesses and greater inner diameters are much more efficient energy absorbers. However, it is found that single rings have low energy absorption capacity leading to high peak loads for high input energies. It is shown in the presented paper that nested rings can be used as suitable

alternatives since they can absorb much more energy and transmit much fewer forces compared to single rings.

本文旨在研究传统上用作能量吸收器的单个和嵌套圆形环的动态塑性行为。这些结构的响应特性在经受高速横向冲击时通过实验和数值确定。应该强调的是，使用气枪进行实验测试，其中利用测力传感器测量远端的力-时间响应。此外，使用有限元软件LS-Dyna来获得数值结果，其中使用Johnson-Cook本构方程来考虑应变率和硬化效果。揭示了采用单个环作为能量吸收器的同时吸收输入能量，同时将少量力（尤其是峰值载荷）传递到受保护的样本或乘员上。而且，已经确定具有较小厚度和较大内径的圆环是更有效的能量吸收器。然而，发现单环具有低能量吸收能力，从而导致高输入能量的高峰值负载。在提出的论文中显示，嵌套环可以适当地使用

替代方案，因为与单环相比，它们可以吸收更多的能量并传递更少的力。