MAIT cells arise in the thymus following rearrangement of a T cell receptor (TCR) reactive against microbial vitamin B2-derived metabolites presented by the MHC-Ib molecule, MR1. Mechanisms that are conserved in mammals ensure the frequent production of MR1-restricted TCRs and the intra-thymic differentiation of MR1-restricted thymocytes into effector cells. Upon thymic egress and migration into non-lymphoid tissues, additional signals modulate MAIT cell functions according to each local tissue environment. Here, we review the recent progress made towards a better understanding of the establishment of this major immune cell subset.

中文翻译：

---

小鼠和人类的MAIT细胞发育

MAIT细胞在胸腺中产生，该胸腺细胞与MHC-Ib分子MR1呈现的与微生物维生素B2衍生的代谢物发生反应的T细胞受体（TCR）重排。哺乳动物中保守的机制确保了MR1限制的TCR的频繁产生以及MR1限制的胸腺细胞向胸腺内分化为效应细胞。在胸腺外出并迁移到非淋巴组织中时，其他信号会根据每个局部组织环境调节MAIT细胞功能。在这里，我们回顾了最近对更好地了解这一主要免疫细胞亚群的建立所取得的进展。