Endocytoscopy provides an in-vivo visualization of nuclei and micro-vessels at the cellular level in real-time, facilitating so-called “optical biopsy” or “virtual histology” of colorectal polyps/neoplasms. This functionality is enabled by 520-fold magnification power with endocytoscopy and recent breakthroughs in artificial intelligence (AI) allowing a great advance in endocytoscopic imaging; interpretation of images is now fully supported by AI tool which outputs predictions of polyp histopathology during colonoscopy. The advantage of the use of AI during optical biopsy can be appreciated especially by non-expert endoscopists who to increase performance.

This paper provides an overview of the latest evidence on colorectal polyp characterization with endocytoscopy combined with AI and identify the barriers to its widespread implementation.

内窥镜检查在细胞水平上实时提供细胞核和微血管的体内可视化，促进结直肠息肉/肿瘤的所谓“光学活检”或“虚拟组织学”。这一功能是通过内窥镜检查的 520 倍放大倍数和人工智能 (AI) 的最新突破实现的，使内窥镜成像取得了巨大进步；AI 工具现在完全支持图像的解释，该工具在结肠镜检查期间输出息肉组织病理学的预测。在光学活检过程中使用 AI 的优势可以得到非专业内窥镜医师的认可，他们可以提高性能。

本文概述了结合内窥镜检查结合 AI 的结直肠息肉表征的最新证据，并确定了其广泛实施的障碍。